Mabuɗin mahimmanci don sarrafa ingancin zurfin ginin rami mai hana ruwa gini

Mahimman kalmomi: zurfin tushe rami mai hana ruwa; tsarin riƙewa; Layer mai hana ruwa; mahimman wuraren sarrafa katin

A cikin ayyukan rami mai zurfi, daidaitaccen aikin hana ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin gabaɗaya, kuma zai yi tasiri sosai kan rayuwar sabis na ginin. Sabili da haka, ayyukan hana ruwa sun mamaye matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin ginin tushen tushe mai zurfi. Wannan takarda ya haɗu da halayen tsarin aikin ginin rami mai zurfi na Nanning Metro da Hangzhou South Station don yin nazari da kuma nazarin fasahar hana ruwa mai zurfi harsashi, da fatan samar da wasu ƙima don irin ayyukan nan gaba.

1. Tsayawa tsarin hana ruwa

(I) Halayen dakatar da ruwa na sassa daban-daban na riƙewa

Tsarin riƙewa na tsaye a kusa da rami mai zurfi ana kiransa tsarin riƙewa. Tsarin riƙewa shine abin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da amintaccen tono rami mai zurfi na tushe. Akwai nau'i-nau'i da yawa da ake amfani da su a cikin ramukan tushe masu zurfi, kuma hanyoyin ginin su, tsarin su da injinan gini da ake amfani da su sun bambanta. Tasirin dakatar da ruwa da aka samu ta hanyoyin gine-gine daban-daban ba iri ɗaya bane, duba Table 1 don cikakkun bayanai

(II) Tsare-tsare na hana ruwa don gina bangon da aka haɗa ƙasa

Gina rami mai tushe na tashar Nanhu na Nanning Metro ya ɗauki tsarin bango mai haɗin ƙasa. Ginin da aka haɗa da ƙasa yana da tasiri mai kyau na hana ruwa. Tsarin ginin yana kama da na gundumomi. Ya kamata a lura da abubuwan da ke gaba

1. Mahimmin mahimmanci na kula da ingancin ruwa ya ta'allaka ne a cikin maganin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ganuwar biyu. Idan za'a iya fahimtar mahimman abubuwan haɗin ginin haɗin gwiwa, za a sami sakamako mai kyau na hana ruwa.

2. Bayan an kafa tsagi, ya kamata a tsabtace fuskokin ƙarshen da ke kusa da simintin kuma a goge zuwa ƙasa. Yawan goge bango bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da sau 20 ba har sai babu laka akan goshin bango.

3. Kafin a saukar da kejin ƙarfe, an shigar da ƙaramin magudanar ruwa a ƙarshen kejin ƙarfe tare da jagorar bango. A lokacin aikin shigarwa, ana sarrafa ingancin haɗin gwiwa don hana ɗigogi daga toshe mashin ɗin. A lokacin tono rami na tushe, idan an sami ɗigon ruwa a haɗin bangon bango, ana yin grouting daga ƙaramin magudanar ruwa.

(III) Mai da hankali kan hana ruwa na gina tari a wurin

Wasu gine-ginen riko na tashar Hangzhou ta Kudu suna ɗaukar nau'in simintin simintin gyare-gyare + babban labulen rotary jet tulu. Sarrafa ingantattun labulen rotary jet pile mai tsaida ruwa yayin gini shine mabuɗin hana ruwa. Lokacin gina labulen tsayawar ruwa, dole ne a sarrafa tazarar tazarar, ingancin slurry da matsa lamba na allura don tabbatar da cewa an kafa bel mai rufaffiyar ruwa a kusa da tulin simintin gyare-gyare don cimma sakamako mai kyau na hana ruwa.

2. Kula da tono rami na tushe

A lokacin aikin tono rami na tushe, tsarin riƙon na iya zubewa saboda rashin kula da kuɗaɗen tsarin riƙon. Don guje wa hatsarori da ke haifar da zubar ruwa na tsarin riƙewa, ya kamata a lura da waɗannan abubuwan yayin aikin tono rami na tushe:

1. A lokacin aikin tono, an haramta tono makaho sosai. Kula da hankali sosai ga canje-canje a matakin ruwa a waje da ramin tushe da ɓarkewar tsarin riƙewa. Idan guguwar ruwa ta faru a lokacin aikin tono, ya kamata a cika matsayi na gushing a cikin lokaci don hana haɓakawa da rashin kwanciyar hankali. Ana iya ci gaba da tonowa kawai bayan an ɗauki hanyar da ta dace. 2. Yakamata a rika sarrafa ruwan magudanar ruwa a kan lokaci. Tsaftace saman siminti, yi amfani da siminti mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don rufe bangon, sannan yi amfani da ƙaramin bututu don magudana don hana wurin yaɗuwar faɗaɗa. Bayan simintin rufewa ya kai ƙarfi, yi amfani da injin daskarewa tare da matsa lamba don rufe ƙaramin bututun.

3. Rashin ruwa na babban tsari

Mai hana ruwa na babban tsarin shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren rami mai zurfi na hana ruwa. Ta hanyar sarrafa abubuwan da ke gaba, babban tsarin zai iya samun sakamako mai kyau na hana ruwa.

(I) Kankare ingancin kula

Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa ) don tabbatar da tsarin ruwa. Zaɓin kayan albarkatun ƙasa da mai tsara kayan haɗin gwal suna tabbatar da yanayin tallafi na ingancin kankare.

Ya kamata a bincika jimlar shigar da rukunin yanar gizon kuma a yarda da shi daidai da "Ma'auni don Inganci da Hanyoyin Bincike na Yashi da Dutse don Ƙaƙwalwar Laka" don abun ciki na laka, abun cikin toshe laka, abun ciki mai kama da allura, ƙima, da sauransu. Tabbatar da cewa abun ciki na yashi yana da ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu a ƙarƙashin yanayin saduwa da ƙarfi da aiki, don haka akwai isassun ƙarancin ƙima a cikin siminti. The kankare bangaren mix rabo kamata hadu da ƙarfi bukatun na kankare tsarin zane, karko a karkashin daban-daban yanayi, da kuma yin kankare cakuda da aiki Properties kamar flowability cewa adapts zuwa yi yanayin. Gilashin da aka yi da kanka ya kamata ya zama uniform, mai sauƙi don ƙaddamarwa da rarrabuwa, wanda shine jigo don inganta ingancin siminti. Saboda haka, aikin kankare ya kamata a tabbatar da cikakken garanti.

(II) Gudanar da gine-gine

1. Kankare magani. An kafa haɗin gwiwar ginin ne a mahadar sabo da tsohon siminti. Maganin roughening yadda ya kamata yana haɓaka yankin haɗin gwiwa na sabo da tsohon siminti, wanda ba kawai inganta ci gaban siminti ba, har ma yana taimakawa bangon don tsayayya da lankwasa da ƙarfi. Kafin a zubar da kankare, ana yada slurry mai tsabta sannan kuma an shafe shi da kayan kare-karen siminti na tushen siminti. Siminti-tushen anti-seepage abu crystalline iya danganta gibin tsakanin kankare da kuma hana waje ruwa daga mamayewa.

2. Shigar da karfe farantin watertop. Ya kamata a binne farantin karfen ruwa a tsakiyar simintin simintin siminti, kuma lanƙwasawa a ƙarshen duka ya kamata su fuskanci saman da ke fuskantar ruwa. The waterstop karfe farantin karfe gina hadin gwiwa na waje bango post-simintin bel ya kamata a sanya a tsakiyar kankare na waje bango, da kuma a tsaye saitin da kowane kwance waterstop karfe farantin karfe kamata a welded tam. Bayan an ƙaddara tsayin daka a kwance na tashar ruwa na farantin karfe a kwance, yakamata a ja layi a saman saman ƙarshen ruwan farantin karfe bisa ga wurin kula da haɓakar ginin don kiyaye ƙarshensa madaidaiciya.

Karfe faranti ana gyarawa da karfe waldi, da kuma m karfe sanduna suna welded zuwa saman formwork sanda domin kayyade. Gajerun sandunan ƙarfe suna waldawa a ƙarƙashin tashar ruwa na farantin karfe don tallafawa farantin karfe. Tsawon ya kamata ya dogara ne akan kauri na shingen shinge na shinge na shinge na karfe kuma kada ya yi tsayi sosai don hana samuwar tashoshi na ruwa tare da gajeren sandunan karfe. Gajerun sandunan ƙarfe gabaɗaya ba su wuce 200mm ba, tare da saiti ɗaya a hagu da dama. Idan tazarar ta yi ƙanƙanta, ƙimar farashi da aikin injiniya za su ƙaru. Idan tazarar ta yi girma sosai, tashar ruwa ta farantin karfe yana da sauƙin lanƙwasa kuma yana da sauƙin lalacewa saboda rawar jiki yayin zubar da kankare.

An haɗa haɗin farantin karfe, kuma tsawon cinyar farantin karfe biyu bai wuce 50mm ba. Dukkanin iyakar biyu yakamata su kasance da cikakken walƙiya, kuma tsayin weld ɗin bai ƙasa da kauri na farantin karfe ba. Kafin waldawa, yakamata a gudanar da walda na gwaji don daidaita sigogin yanzu. Idan halin yanzu yana da girma, yana da sauƙi don ƙonewa ko ma ƙone ta cikin farantin karfe. Idan halin yanzu ya yi ƙanƙanta, yana da wuya a fara baka kuma waldawar ba ta da ƙarfi.

3. Shigar da tsiri mai faɗaɗa ruwa. Kafin sanya tsiri mai kumburin ruwa, share tarkace, ƙura, tarkace, da sauransu, sannan a fallasa tushe mai wuya. Bayan an gama ginin, sai a zuba ƙasa da haɗin ginin a kwance, a faɗaɗa ɗigon ruwa mai busasshiyar ruwa tare da tsawaita hanyar haɗin ginin, sannan a yi amfani da manne da kansa don manne shi kai tsaye a tsakiyar haɗin ginin. Haɗin haɗin gwiwa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 5cm ba, kuma kada a bar wuraren karya; don haɗin ginin da ke tsaye, ya kamata a fara tanadin tsagi marar zurfi, kuma a sanya tsiri mai tsayawa a cikin tsagi da aka tanada; idan babu wani tsagi da aka keɓe, za a iya amfani da kusoshi masu ƙarfi na ƙarfe don gyarawa, kuma a yi amfani da manne da kansa don manne shi kai tsaye a kan haɗin ginin haɗin gwiwa, kuma a haɗa shi daidai lokacin da ya ci karo da takardar keɓewa. Bayan an gyara magudanar ruwa, sai a yayyage takardar keɓewa kuma a zuba siminti.

4. Kankare girgiza. Lokaci da hanyar kankare girgiza dole ne su zama daidai. Dole ne a girgiza shi sosai amma kada a yi rawar jiki ko kuma a zubar da shi. A yayin aiwatar da rawar jiki, ya kamata a rage yawan zubar da turmi, kuma turmi da aka fantsama a saman ciki na aikin ya kamata a tsaftace cikin lokaci. An raba wuraren girgizar da aka yi da kankare daga tsakiya zuwa gefe, kuma an shimfiɗa sandunan daidai gwargwado, Layer ta Layer, kuma kowane bangare na zub da simintin ya kamata a ci gaba da zuba. Lokacin jijjiga kowane wurin girgiza ya kamata ya dogara ne akan saman kankare yana iyo, lebur, kuma babu sauran kumfa da ke fitowa, yawanci 20-30s, don guje wa rarrabuwa da ke haifar da firgita.

Ya kamata a gudanar da zubar da kankare a cikin yadudduka kuma a ci gaba. Dole ne a shigar da vibrator ɗin da aka saka cikin sauri a ci gaba da fitar da shi a hankali, sannan a jera wuraren da ake sakawa daidai gwargwado kuma a jera su cikin siffar furen plum. Ya kamata a saka vibrator don girgiza saman simintin na sama a cikin ƙaramin simintin ta hanyar 5-10cm don tabbatar da cewa an haɗa nau'ikan simintin biyu da ƙarfi. Jagoran jerin girgiza ya kamata ya zama sabanin yadda zai yiwu zuwa hanyar siminti mai gudana, don haka simintin girgiza ba zai ƙara shiga cikin ruwa da kumfa kyauta ba. Dole ne mai jijjiga ya taɓa sassan da aka haɗa da aikin tsari yayin aikin jijjiga.

5. Kulawa. Bayan an zubar da simintin, ya kamata a rufe shi kuma a shayar da shi cikin sa'o'i 12 don ci gaba da danshi. Lokacin kulawa gabaɗaya bai wuce kwanaki 7 ba. Don sassan da ba za a iya shayar da su ba, ya kamata a yi amfani da wakili na warkewa don kiyayewa, ko kuma a fesa fim ɗin kariya kai tsaye a kan siminti bayan rushewa, wanda ba zai iya guje wa kiyayewa kawai ba, amma kuma inganta ƙarfin hali.

4. Kwance Layer mai hana ruwa

Ko da yake zurfin tushe rami waterproofing yafi dogara ne a kan kankare kare kai, kwanciya da waterproofing Layer kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a zurfin tushe rami waterproofing ayyukan. Tsananin sarrafa ingancin gini na Layer mai hana ruwa shine mabuɗin ginin hana ruwa.

(I) Tushen jiyya

Kafin kwanciya Layer mai hana ruwa, ya kamata a kula da saman gindin yadda ya kamata, musamman don bacin rai da jiyya na zubar ruwa. Idan akwai magudanar ruwa a saman gindin, ya kamata a kula da ɗigon ta hanyar toshewa. Tushen tushen da ake kula da shi dole ne ya zama mai tsabta, marar gurɓatacce, marar ɗigon ruwa, kuma marar ruwa.

(II) Kwance ingancin Layer mai hana ruwa

1. Membran mai hana ruwa dole ne ya sami takardar shaidar masana'anta, kuma samfuran da suka cancanta kawai za'a iya amfani dasu. Tushen ginin mai hana ruwa ya kamata ya zama lebur, bushe, mai tsabta, mai ƙarfi, kuma ba yashi ko bawo. 2. Kafin a yi amfani da Layer mai hana ruwa, ya kamata a bi da sasanninta tushe. Ya kamata a sanya sasanninta a cikin baka. Diamita na kusurwar ciki ya kamata ya fi 50mm, kuma diamita na kusurwar waje ya kamata ya fi 100mm. 3. Dole ne a aiwatar da ginin Layer mai hana ruwa daidai da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun buƙatun ƙira. 4. Yi aikin haɗin ginin ginin, ƙayyade tsayin daɗaɗɗen kankare, da kuma yin maganin ƙarfafa ruwa mai hana ruwa a wurin haɗin ginin ginin. 5. Bayan da tushe mai hana ruwa Layer ya kamata a gina m Layer a cikin lokaci don kauce wa ƙonawa da huda da ruwa Layer a lokacin karfe waldi da kuma lalata da waterproof Layer a lokacin kankare vibrating.

V. Kammalawa

Shigarwa da hana ruwa matsalolin gama gari na ayyukan ƙarƙashin ƙasa suna tasiri sosai ga ingancin ginin gabaɗaya, amma ba makawa. Mun fi fayyace ra'ayin cewa "tsari shine jigo, kayan aiki shine tushe, gini shine mabuɗin, gudanarwa shine garanti". A cikin gina ayyukan hana ruwa, tsananin kulawa da ingancin ginin kowane tsari da ɗaukar matakan kariya da kulawa da aka yi niyya tabbas za su cimma burin da ake sa ran.