한국어
中文Zovuta za zomangamanga
Chifukwa cha liwiro la zomangamanga, kukhazikika kosasunthika komanso kukhudzidwa pang'ono ndi nyengo, maziko a milu yamadzi am'madzi avomerezedwa kwambiri. Mfundo yomanga maziko otopetsa mulu: yomanga masanjidwe, kuyala casing, kubowola pobowola m'malo, kuchotsa dzenje pansi, impregnating zitsulo khola ballast, yachiwiri posungira catheter, m'madzi konkire kuthira ndi kuchotsa dzenje, mulu. Chifukwa cha zovuta za zinthu zimakhudza khalidwe la madzi konkire kuthira, yomanga khalidwe ulamuliro ulalo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kulamulira khalidwe la pansi pa madzi wotopetsa mulu maziko.
Mavuto omwe amapezeka pakuthira konkriti pansi pamadzi ndi awa: kutayikira kwakukulu kwa mpweya ndi madzi mu catheter, ndi kusweka kwa milu. Konkire, matope kapena kapisozi yomwe imapanga malo osanjikiza otayirira imakhala ndi slurry interlayer yoyandama, yomwe imachititsa kuti muluwo usweke, zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa konkire ndikupangitsa kuti muluwo usiyidwe ndikusinthidwanso; kutalika kwa ngalande yokwiriridwa mu konkire kumakhala kozama kwambiri, komwe kumawonjezera mikangano mozungulira ndikupangitsa kuti zisatuluke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muluwo uphwanyike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuthirako kusakhale kosalala, kuchititsa konkriti kunja kwa ngalandeyo. kutaya madzimadzi pakapita nthawi ndikuwonongeka; kutha ntchito ndi kugwa kwa konkire yokhala ndi mchenga wocheperako ndi zinthu zina zingayambitse ngalande kutsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zingwe zosweka. Mukathiranso, kupatuka sikumayendetsedwa munthawi yake, ndipo cholumikizira choyandama choyandama chidzawonekera mu konkire, ndikupangitsa kuti mulu uswe; chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yodikira konkire, madzi a konkire mkati mwa chitoliro amakhala oipitsitsa, kotero kuti konkire yosakanizidwa singakhoze kutsanulidwa bwino; casing ndi maziko sizili bwino, zomwe zidzachititsa madzi mu khoma la casing, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka yozungulira ikhale yozungulira ndipo khalidwe la mulu silingatsimikizidwe; chifukwa cha zifukwa zenizeni za geological ndi kubowola kolakwika, ndizotheka kuchititsa khoma la dzenje kugwa; chifukwa cha cholakwika cha mayeso omaliza a dzenje kapena kugwa kwakukulu kwa dzenje panthawiyi, mvula yotsatira pansi pa khola lachitsulo imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, kapena kutalika kwake sikuli m'malo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mulu wautali; chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa ogwira ntchito kapena opareshoni yolakwika, chubu chodziwikiratu choyimbira sichingagwire ntchito moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akupanga kudziwa kwa maziko a muluwo sikungachitike mwachizolowezi.
"Kusakaniza kwa konkriti kuyenera kukhala kolondola
1. Kusankha simenti
M'mikhalidwe yabwino. Simenti yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ndi simenti wamba ndi silicate. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yoyamba yoyika sikuyenera kupitilira maola awiri ndi theka, ndipo mphamvu yake iyenera kukhala yoposa madigiri 42.5. Simenti yogwiritsidwa ntchito pomangayo iyenera kupititsa mayeso a katundu wakuthupi mu labotale kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira za zomangamanga zenizeni, ndipo kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa simenti mu konkire kuyenera kusapitirira kilogalamu 500 pa kiyubiki mita imodzi, ndipo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. ndi miyezo yotchulidwa.
2. Kusankha pamodzi
Pali zosankha ziwiri zenizeni zamagulu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya aggregates, imodzi ndi miyala yamwala ndipo ina ndi miyala yophwanyidwa. Pakumanga kwenikweni, mwala wamiyala uyenera kukhala woyamba kusankha. Kukula kwenikweni kwa tinthu kophatikizana kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 0.1667 ndi 0.125 ya ngalande, ndipo mtunda wocheperako kuchokera pazitsulo zachitsulo uyenera kukhala 0,25, ndipo kukula kwa tinthu kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kukhala mkati mwa 40 mm. Chiŵerengero chenicheni cha kalasi ya coarse aggregate chiyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti konkire ili ndi ntchito yabwino, ndipo yophatikiza bwino ndi miyala yapakati komanso yolimba. Kuthekera kwenikweni kwa mchenga mu konkriti kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 9/20 ndi 1/2. Chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi phulusa chiyenera kukhala pakati pa 1/2 ndi 3/5.
3. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito
Pofuna kuonjezera workability wa konkire, Musawonjezere zina admixtures konkire. Zosakaniza za konkriti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga pansi pa madzi zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa madzi, kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono ndi zolimbitsa chilala. Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera zosakaniza ku konkriti, muyenera kuchita zoyeserera kuti mudziwe mtundu, kuchuluka ndi njira yowonjezerera.
Mwachidule, chiŵerengero chosakaniza konkire chiyenera kukhala choyenera kutsanulira pansi pa madzi mu ngalande. Chiŵerengero chosakanikirana cha konkire chiyenera kukhala choyenera kuti chikhale ndi pulasitiki yokwanira ndi mgwirizano, madzi abwino mumtsinje pa nthawi yothira ndipo samakonda tsankho. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu ya konkire ya pansi pa madzi ikakwera, kulimba kwa konkire kudzakhalanso kwabwino. Choncho ku mphamvu ya simenti khalidwe konkire ayenera kuonetsetsa poganizira kalasi konkire, chiŵerengero okwana kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa simenti ndi madzi, ntchito zosiyanasiyana doping zina, etc. Ndipo kuonetsetsa kuti konkire kalasi chiŵerengero mphamvu kalasi ayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa mphamvu yopangidwa. Nthawi yosakaniza konkire iyenera kukhala yoyenera ndipo kusakaniza kuyenera kukhala kofanana. Ngati kusanganikirana sikuli kofanana kapena kutuluka kwa madzi kumachitika panthawi ya kusakaniza konkire ndi kayendedwe, konkire yamadzimadzi ndi osauka ndipo sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
“Choyamba kuthira zofunika kuchuluka
Woyamba kuthira kuchuluka kwa konkriti ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti kuya kwa ngalande yokwiriridwa konkire pambuyo pa konkire kutsanulidwa sikochepera 1.0m, kotero kuti mzati wa konkire mu ngalande ndi kuthamanga kwamatope kunja kwa chitoliro kumakhala koyenera. Kuthira koyamba kwa konkriti kumayenera kuzindikirika powerengera motsatira njira iyi.
V=π/4(d 2h1+kD 2h2)
Kumene V ndi konkriti yoyamba kuthira voliyumu, m3;
h1 ndiye kutalika komwe kumafunikira pagawo la konkire mu ngalande kuti muchepetse kupanikizika ndi matope kunja kwa ngalande:
h1 = (h-h2) γ / γc, m;
h ndiko kuya kwa kubowola, m;
h2 ndi kutalika kwa pamwamba pa konkire kunja kwa ngalande pambuyo pa kuthira konkire koyamba, komwe ndi 1.3 ~ 1.8m;
γ ndi kuchuluka kwa matope, komwe ndi 11～12kN/m3;
γc ndi kachulukidwe konkire, komwe ndi 23～24kN/m3;
d ndi mainchesi amkati a ngalande, m;
D ndi m'mimba mwake mulu dzenje, m;
k ndiye gawo lodzaza konkriti, lomwe ndi k =1.1 ~ 1.3.
Voliyumu yothira koyamba ndiyofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wa mulu woponyedwa m'malo. Voliyumu yoyenera kuthira koyamba sikungotsimikizira kumangidwa kosalala, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti kuya kwa chitoliro chokwiriridwa konkriti kumakwaniritsa zofunikira pambuyo podzazidwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuthira koyamba kungathenso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya mulu wa muluwo mwa kupukuta matope pansi pa dzenje kachiwiri, kotero kuti voliyumu yoyamba yotsanulira iyenera kufunidwa.
“Kuthira liwiro
Choyamba, yang'anani njira yosinthira mphamvu ya mulu yotumizira kunthaka. Kuyanjana kwa mulu-dothi kwa milu yotopetsa kumayamba kupanga pamene mulu wa konkire watsanulidwa. Woyamba anatsanulira konkire pang'onopang'ono amakhala wandiweyani, wothinikizidwa, ndi kukhazikika pansi pa mavuto a kenako anatsanulira konkire. Kusamutsidwa kumeneku kumagwirizana ndi nthaka kumagwirizana ndi kukana kwapamwamba kwa nthaka yozungulira, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi la mulu kumasamutsidwa pang'onopang'ono kupita ku dothi kupyolera mu kukana uku. Kwa milu ndi kutsanulira mofulumira, pamene konkire yonse imatsanuliridwa, ngakhale kuti konkire siinayambe kukhazikitsidwa, imakhudzidwa mosalekeza ndikuphatikizidwa panthawi yothira ndikulowa m'madera ozungulira nthaka. Panthawiyi, konkire ndi yosiyana ndi madzi wamba, ndipo kumamatira ku nthaka ndi kukana kwake kumeta ubweya kwapanga kukana; pamene milu ndi kutsanulira pang'onopang'ono, popeza konkire ili pafupi ndi kukhazikitsa koyambirira, kukana pakati pake ndi khoma la nthaka kudzakhala kwakukulu.
Gawo la kufa kwa milu yotopetsa yomwe imasamutsidwa ku dothi lozungulira limagwirizana mwachindunji ndi liwiro lothira. The mofulumira kuthira liwiro, ang'onoang'ono chiwerengero cha kulemera anasamutsa nthaka wosanjikiza kuzungulira mulu; Kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kutsanulira, kumapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa kulemera komwe kumasamutsidwa ku dothi lozungulira muluwo. Choncho, kuwonjezera liwiro kuthira osati kumathandiza kwambiri kuonetsetsa homogeneity wa konkire wa mulu thupi, komanso amalola kulemera kwa mulu thupi kusungidwa kwambiri pansi pa mulu, kuchepetsa kulemedwa kwa mikangano kukana. kuzungulira muluwo, ndipo mphamvu zomwe zili pansi pa muluwo sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'tsogolomu, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ina popititsa patsogolo kupanikizika kwa maziko a mulu ndikuwongolera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
Zochita zatsimikizira kuti kuthamangira ndi kufewetsa ntchito yothira mulu, kumapangitsa kuti muluwo ukhale wabwino; kuchedwa kwambiri, ngozi zambiri zidzachitika, choncho m'pofunika kukwaniritsa mofulumira ndi mosalekeza kuthira.
Nthawi yothira ya mulu uliwonse imayendetsedwa molingana ndi nthawi yoyamba yoyika konkire yoyamba, ndipo retarder ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa muyeso yoyenera ngati kuli kofunikira.
“Lamulirani kuya kwa ngalandeyo
Panthawi yothira konkire m'madzi, ngati kuya kwa ngalande yokwiriridwa mu konkire kumakhala kochepa, konkire idzafalikira mofanana, imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kabwino, ndipo pamwamba pake idzakhala yosalala; M'malo mwake, ngati konkire kufalikira mosagwirizana, otsetsereka padziko ndi lalikulu, n'zosavuta kumwazikana ndi kulekanitsa, zimakhudza khalidwe, choncho wololera m'manda kuya kwa ngalande ayenera kulamulidwa kuonetsetsa khalidwe la mulu thupi.
Kuzama kokwiriridwa kwa ngalande ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kapena kochepa kwambiri, komwe kungakhudze mtundu wa muluwo. Pamene kukwiriridwa kuya ndi kochepa kwambiri, konkire imatha kugwetsa konkire pamwamba pa dzenje ndikugudubuza mumatope, kuchititsa matope kapena milu yosweka. Zimakhalanso zosavuta kukoka ngalande kuchokera pamwamba pa konkire panthawi ya ntchito; pamene kuya m'manda kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kukana konyamulira konkire kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo konkireyo imalephera kukankhira mmwamba mofanana, koma imangokankhira mmwamba pakhoma lakunja la ngalandeyo kupita kufupi ndi pamwamba ndikusunthira kumtunda. mbali zinayi. Eddy panonso ndiyosavuta kugudubuza dothi mozungulira thupi la mulu, ndikupanga bwalo la konkire yotsika, yomwe imakhudza mphamvu ya mulu wa muluwo. Kuonjezera apo, pamene kuya m'manda kuli kwakukulu, konkire yapamwamba sichisuntha kwa nthawi yaitali, kutaya kwa tsinde kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo n'zosavuta kuyambitsa ngozi zowonongeka chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa chitoliro. Chifukwa chake, kuya kokwiriridwa kwa ngalande nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa 2 mpaka 6 metres, ndipo kwa milu yayikulu komanso yayitali, imatha kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa 3 mpaka 8 metres. Kuthira kuyenera kukwezedwa ndikuchotsedwa pafupipafupi, ndipo kukwera kwa konkriti padzenje kuyenera kuyeza bwino musanachotse ngalandeyo.
“Kuwongolera nthawi yoyeretsa dzenje
Pambuyo pomaliza dzenje, ndondomeko yotsatira iyenera kuchitidwa panthawi yake. Pambuyo poyeretsa dzenje lachiwiri kuvomerezedwa, kuthira konkriti kuyenera kuchitika posachedwa, ndipo nthawi yoyimirira siyenera kukhala yayitali. Ngati Kusayenda nthawi yaitali kwambiri, ndi particles olimba m'matope adzatsatira dzenje khoma kupanga wandiweyani matope khungu chifukwa permeability zina za dzenje khoma nthaka wosanjikiza. Khungu lamatope limayikidwa pakati pa konkire ndi khoma la nthaka panthawi yothira konkire, zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta odzola komanso zimachepetsa mkangano pakati pa konkire ndi khoma la nthaka. Kuonjezera apo, ngati khoma la dothi lanyowa mumatope kwa nthawi yaitali, zinthu zina za nthaka zidzasintha. Zigawo zina za nthaka zimatha kutupa ndipo mphamvu idzachepa, zomwe zidzakhudzanso mphamvu yobereka ya muluwo. Chifukwa chake, pakumanga, zofunikira zazomwe zafotokozedwazo ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa, ndipo nthawi yoyambira kupanga dzenje mpaka kuthira konkriti iyenera kufupikitsidwa momwe mungathere. Pambuyo poyeretsa dzenje ndikuyenerera, konkire iyenera kutsanuliridwa mwamsanga mkati mwa mphindi 30.
“Samalirani mtundu wa konkriti pamwamba pa muluwo
Popeza katundu wapamwamba amafalikira pamwamba pa mulu, mphamvu ya konkire pamwamba pa muluyo iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe. Mukathira pafupi ndi kukwera pamwamba pa mulu, kutsanulira komaliza kuyenera kuwongoleredwa, ndipo kutsika kwa konkire kumatha kuchepetsedwa moyenera kuti kuthira konkriti pamwamba pa muluwo kukhale kwapamwamba kuposa kukwera komwe kunapangidwira. pamwamba pa mulu ndi m'mimba mwake wa mulu umodzi, kotero kuti zofunikira za kukwera kwapangidwe zingathe kukwaniritsidwa pambuyo poti slurry wosanjikiza pamwamba pa muluwo achotsedwa, ndipo mphamvu ya konkire pamwamba pa muluyo iyenera kukwaniritsa mapangidwe. zofunika. Kutalika kwa kuthirira kwa milu ikuluikulu komanso yayitali kwambiri kuyenera kuganiziridwa mozama potengera kutalika kwa mulu ndi mainchesi a muluwo, ndipo kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo kuposa milu yonse yoponyedwa m'malo, chifukwa milu yayikulu komanso yayitali. milu imatenga nthawi yayitali kutsanulira, ndipo matope ndi matope oyandama amaunjikana mokhuthala, zomwe zimalepheretsa chingwe choyezera kukhala chovuta kuweruza molondola pamwamba pa matope wandiweyani kapena konkire ndikuyambitsa kulakwitsa. Potulutsa gawo lomaliza la chubu chowongolera, liwiro lokoka liyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono kuteteza matope okhuthala omwe ali pamwamba pa muluwo kuti asalowemo ndikupanga "matope amatope".
Panthawi yothira konkriti pansi pamadzi, pali maulalo ambiri omwe amayenera kusamala kuti atsimikizire kuti miluyo ili yabwino. Pakuyeretsa dzenje lachiwiri, zizindikiro za ntchito zamatope ziyenera kuyendetsedwa. Kuchuluka kwa matope kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 1.15 ndi 1.25 molingana ndi zigawo zosiyana za nthaka, mchenga uyenera kukhala ≤8%, ndi viscosity ayenera kukhala ≤28s; makulidwe a matope pansi pa dzenje ayenera kuyeza molondola asanathire, ndipo kuthira kumatheka kokha pamene kukugwirizana ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe; kugwirizana kwa ngalande kuyenera kukhala kowongoka ndi kusindikizidwa, ndipo ngalandeyo iyenera kuyesedwa isanayambe kapena itatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi. Kupanikizika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kupanikizika kumachokera ku kupanikizika kwakukulu komwe kungachitike panthawi yomanga, ndipo kukana kukakamizidwa kuyenera kufika pa 0.6-0.9MPa; musanayambe kuthira, kuti choyimitsa madzi chituluke bwino, mtunda pakati pa pansi pa ngalande ndi pansi pa dzenje uyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 0. 3 ~ 0.5m. Kwa milu yokhala ndi mainchesi osakwana 600, mtunda pakati pa pansi pa ngalandeyo ndi pansi pa dzenje ukhoza kuwonjezeka moyenerera; musanayambe kuthira konkire, 0.1 ~ 0.2m3 ya 1: 1.5 matope a simenti ayenera kutsanuliridwa muzitsulo poyamba, ndiyeno konkire iyenera kutsanuliridwa.
Kuonjezera apo, panthawi yothira, pamene konkriti mu ngalandeyo sidzaza ndipo mpweya umalowa, konkire yotsatira iyenera kulowetsedwa pang'onopang'ono muzitsulo ndikudutsa mu chute. Konkire sayenera kutsanuliridwa mumsewu wochokera pamwamba kuti asapange thumba la mpweya wothamanga kwambiri mumsewu, kufinya mapepala a mphira pakati pa zigawo za chitoliro ndikupangitsa kuti ngalandeyo iwonongeke. Pakutsanulira, munthu wodzipatulira ayenera kuyeza kutalika kwa konkire pamwamba pa dzenje, kudzaza zolembera za konkire za pansi pa madzi, ndi kulemba zolakwika zonse panthawi yothira.
“Mavuto wamba ndi mayankho
1. Matope ndi madzi mu ngalande
Matope ndi madzi mu ngalande yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothira konkire ya pansi pa madzi ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la zomangamanga pomanga milu yoponyedwa m'malo. Chochitika chachikulu ndi chakuti pamene kuthira konkire, matope amatuluka mumtsinje, konkire imadetsedwa, mphamvu imachepetsedwa, ndipo ma interlayers amapangidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kutayikira. Zimayamba makamaka ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi.
1) Kusungirako gawo loyamba la konkire sikukwanira, kapena ngakhale kusungirako konkire ndikokwanira, mtunda pakati pa pansi pa ngalande ndi pansi pa dzenje ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndipo pansi pa ngalandeyo sungakhoze kukwiriridwa pambuyo pake. konkire imagwa, kotero kuti matope ndi madzi zimalowa pansi.
2) Kuzama kwa ngalande yomwe imayikidwa mu konkire sikokwanira, kotero kuti matope amasakanikirana mumsewu.
3) Kuphatikizika kwa ngalande sikuli kolimba, mphira wa mphira pakati pa ziwalozo umatsekedwa ndi airbag yothamanga kwambiri ya ngalande, kapena weld imasweka, ndipo madzi amalowa mu mgwirizano kapena weld. Ngalandeyo imakokedwa kwambiri, ndipo matopewo amakanikizidwa m’paipi.
Pofuna kupewa matope ndi madzi kulowa mu ngalande, njira zofananira ziyenera kuchitidwa pasadakhale kuti zipewe. Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera ndi izi.
1) Kuchuluka kwa gulu loyamba la konkriti liyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuwerengera, ndipo kuchuluka kokwanira ndi mphamvu yotsika iyenera kusungidwa kuti itulutse matope kunja kwa ngalande.
2) Pakamwa pa ngalande iyenera kusungidwa pamtunda wa 300 mm mpaka 500 mm kuchokera pansi pa poyambira.
3) Kuya kwa ngalande yoyikidwa mu konkire iyenera kusungidwa osachepera 2.0 m.
4) Samalani kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa kuthira panthawi yothira, ndipo nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito nyundo (wotchi) kuyeza konkriti yokwera pamwamba. Malinga ndi kutalika kwake, dziwani liwiro ndi kutalika kwa chubu chowongolera.
Ngati madzi (matope) alowa mu chubu chowongolera panthawi yomanga, chifukwa cha ngozicho chiyenera kudziwika mwamsanga ndipo njira zochiritsira zotsatirazi ziyenera kutengedwa.
1) Ngati zimayambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zoyamba kapena zachiwiri zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, ngati kuya kwa konkire pansi pa ngalande kuli kosakwana 0.5 m, choyimitsa madzi chikhoza kuikidwanso kuti chithire konkire. Apo ayi, chubu chowongolera chiyenera kutulutsidwa, konkire pansi pa ngalandeyo iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi makina oyamwa mpweya, ndipo konkire iyenera kutsanuliridwa; kapena chubu cholondolera chokhala ndi chivundikiro cha pansi chosunthika chilowetsedwe mu konkriti ndipo konkire itsanulidwenso.
2) Ngati chifukwa chachitatu, chubu chowongolera slurry chiyenera kuzulidwa ndikulowetsedwanso mu konkire pafupifupi 1 m, ndipo matope ndi madzi mu chubu chowongolera slurry ayenera kuyamwa ndikutsanulidwa ndi dothi. mpope, ndiyeno pulagi yopanda madzi iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kutsanuliranso konkire. Kwa konkire yothiridwanso, mlingo wa simenti uyenera kuwonjezeka mu mbale ziwiri zoyambirira. Konkire ikatsanulidwa mu chubu chowongolera, chubu chowongolera chiyenera kukwezedwa pang'ono, ndipo pulagi yapansi iyenera kukanikizidwa ndi kufa kwa konkire yatsopano, ndiyeno kuthira kupitirire.
2. Kutsekereza chitoliro
Panthawi yothira, ngati konkire singatsike mumsewu, imatchedwa kutsekereza chitoliro. Pali milandu iwiri yotsekereza mapaipi.
1) Konkire ikayamba kutsanuliridwa, choyimitsa madzi chimakakamira mumchenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kusokoneza kwakanthawi kuthira. Zifukwa ndi izi: choyimitsira madzi (mpira) sichimapangidwa ndi kukonzedwa mumiyeso yokhazikika, kukula kwake kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo kumamatira mumtsinje ndipo sikungathe kutulutsidwa; ngalande isanatsitsidwe, zotsalira za konkriti pakhoma lamkati sizimatsukidwa kwathunthu; kutsika kwa konkire ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ntchitoyo ndi yosauka, ndipo mchenga umafinyidwa pakati pa choyimitsira madzi (mpira) ndi ngalande, kuti chotchinga madzi chitha kutsika.
2) Konkire ya konkire imatsekedwa ndi konkire, konkire sichitha kutsika, ndipo n'zovuta kutsanulira bwino. Zifukwa zake ndi izi: mtunda wa pakati pa kamwa ya ngalande ndi pansi pa dzenje ndi wochepa kwambiri kapena umalowetsedwa mu matope pansi pa dzenje, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti konkire ikhale yovuta kuchoka pansi pa chitoliro; kutsika kwa konkire sikukwanira kapena kutsika kwa konkire kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, chiŵerengero cha mchenga ndi chochepa kwambiri, madzi amadzimadzi ndi osauka, ndipo konkire imakhala yovuta kugwa; nthawi yapakati pa kuthira ndi kudyetsa ndi yayitali kwambiri, konkire imakhala yowonjezereka, madzi amadzimadzi amachepetsa, kapena akhazikika.
Pazochitika ziwirizi, fufuzani zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zawo ndikuchitapo kanthu zodzitetezera, monga kukonza ndi kupanga kukula kwa choyimitsa madzi chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ngalande iyenera kutsukidwa isanayambe kuthira konkire, khalidwe losakanikirana ndi nthawi yothira. konkire iyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa, mtunda wa pakati pa ngalande ndi pansi pa dzenje uyenera kuwerengedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa konkire koyambirira kuyenera kuwerengedwa molondola.
Ngati kutsekeka kwa chitoliro kumachitika, pendani chomwe chayambitsa vutoli ndikupeza kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa kutsekeka kwa chitoliro. Njira ziwiri zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pothana ndi mtundu wa kutsekeka kwa chitoliro: ngati ndi mtundu woyamba womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa, ukhoza kuchitidwa ndi tamping (kutsekeka kwapamwamba), kusokoneza, ndi kugwetsa (kutsekeka kwapakati ndi kumunsi). Ngati ndi mtundu wachiwiri, mipiringidzo yayitali yachitsulo imatha kuwotcherera kuti konkire ikhale mu chitoliro kuti konkire igwe. Pakutsekeka kwa chitoliro chaching'ono, crane ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwedeza chingwe cha chitoliro ndikuyika vibrator yomwe imalumikizidwa pakamwa papaipi kuti konkire igwe. Ngati sichingagwe, chitolirocho chiyenera kutulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikung'ambika gawo ndi gawo, ndipo konkire ya mutoliro iyenera kutsukidwa. Ntchito yothira iyenera kuchitidwanso molingana ndi njira yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi chifukwa chachitatu cha madzi amalowa mu chitoliro.
3. Chitoliro chokwiriridwa
Chitoliro sichingatulutsidwe panthawi yothira kapena chitoliro sichingatulutsidwe pambuyo pothira. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chitoliro chokwiriridwa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimayamba chifukwa chokwirira kwambiri chitoliro. Komabe, nthawi yothira ndi yayitali kwambiri, chitoliro sichimasuntha nthawi, kapena mipiringidzo yachitsulo pa khola lachitsulo sichimangiriridwa mwamphamvu, ndipo chitolirocho chimagwedezeka ndikubalalika panthawi yopachikidwa ndi kuthira konkire, ndipo chitolirocho chimakanidwa. , chomwe chilinso chifukwa cha chitoliro chokwiriridwa.
Njira zodzitetezera: Mukathira konkire pansi pamadzi, munthu wapadera ayenera kupatsidwa kuti aziyezera kuya kwake kwa ngalande mu konkire nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, iyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa 2 m ~ 6 m. Mukathira konkire, ngalande iyenera kugwedezeka pang'ono kuti ngalandeyo isamamatire ku konkire. Nthawi yothira konkire iyenera kufupikitsidwa momwe mungathere. Ngati kuli kofunika intermittently, ngalande ayenera kukoka kwa osachepera m'manda kuya. Musanatsitse khola lachitsulo, onetsetsani kuti kuwotcherera kuli kolimba ndipo pasakhale kuwotcherera kotseguka. Pamene khola lachitsulo likupezeka kuti liri lotayirira panthawi yotsitsa ngalandeyo, liyenera kukonzedwa ndikuwotchedwa mwamphamvu nthawi.
Ngati ngozi yapaipi yokwiriridwa yachitika, ngalandeyo iyenera kukwezedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi crane ya matani akulu. Ngati ngalandeyo ikadali yosatulutsidwa, njira ziyenera kutengedwa kuti mutulutse ngalandeyo mwamphamvu, kenako gwirani nayo mofanana ndi mulu wosweka. Ngati konkriti siinayambe kulimba ndipo madzi amadzimadzi sanachepe pamene ngalandeyo yakwiriridwa, zotsalira zamatope pamwamba pa konkire zimatha kutulutsidwa ndi mpope woyamwa matope, ndiyeno ngalandeyo ikhoza kuchepetsedwanso ndikuyambiranso. anatsanulira ndi konkire. Njira yochizira pakutsanulira ndi yofanana ndi chifukwa chachitatu cha madzi mu ngalande.
4. Kuthira kosakwanira
Kuthira kosakwanira kumatchedwanso mulu waufupi. Chifukwa chake ndi: kutsanulira kutatha, chifukwa cha kugwa kwa pakamwa pa dzenje kapena kulemera kwakukulu kwa matope pamwamba pamunsi, zotsalira za slurry zimakhala zokhuthala kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito yomangayo sanayese pamwamba pa konkire ndi nyundo, koma molakwika anaganiza kuti konkire idatsanuliridwa kumalo okwera pamwamba pa mulu, zomwe zinayambitsa ngozi yobwera chifukwa cha mulu wawung'ono.
Njira zopewera zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi.
1) Khomo la pakamwa la dzenje liyenera kukwiriridwa motsatira zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwazo kuti pakamwa pa dzenje lisagwe, ndipo vuto la kugwa kwa dzenje liyenera kuthetsedwa munthawi yake pakubowola.
2) Muluwo utatopa, dothi liyenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake kuti zitsimikizire kuti makulidwe a sediment akukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa.
3) Kuwongolera mwamphamvu kulemera kwamatope kwa chitetezo chobowola khoma kuti kulemera kwa matope kumayendetsedwa pakati pa 1.1 ndi 1.15, ndi kulemera kwamatope mkati mwa 500 mm pansi pa dzenje musanatsanulire konkire kuyenera kukhala zosakwana 1.25, zomwe zili mchenga ≤ 8%, ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe ≤28s.
Njira yamankhwala imadalira momwe zinthu zilili. Ngati palibe pansi pansi, mutu mulu akhoza anakumba, mutu mulu akuyandama slurry ndi nthaka akhoza pamanja chiseled kuvumbula latsopano konkire olowa, ndiyeno formwork akhoza kuthandizidwa kugwirizana mulu; ngati ili m'madzi apansi, chosungiracho chikhoza kutambasulidwa ndi kukwiriridwa masentimita 50 pansi pa konkire yoyambirira, ndipo mpope wamatope ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhetsa matope, kuchotsa zinyalala, ndiyeno kuyeretsa mutu wa mulu kuti ugwirizane ndi mulu.
5. Milu yosweka
Ambiri aiwo ndi zotsatira zachiwiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chosakwanira kuyeretsa dzenje kapena nthawi yayitali yothira, gulu loyamba la konkire lakhazikitsidwa ndipo madzi amadzimadzi achepa, ndipo konkire yopitilira imadutsa pamwamba ndikuwuka, kotero padzakhala matope ndi slag. zigawo ziwiri za konkire, ndipo ngakhale mulu wonsewo udzamangidwa ndi matope ndi slag kupanga mulu wosweka. Pofuna kupewa ndi kuwongolera milu yosweka, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchita ntchito yabwino popewa komanso kuwongolera mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa. Kwa milu yosweka yomwe yachitika, iyenera kuphunziridwa limodzi ndi dipatimenti yoyenerera, gawo la mapulani, kuyang'anira uinjiniya ndi utsogoleri wapamwamba wagawo lomanga kuti apereke njira zochiritsira zothandiza komanso zotheka.
Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika m'mbuyomu, njira zochizira zotsatirazi zitha kutengedwa ngati milu yosweka ichitika.
1) Muluwo utathyoledwa, ngati khola lachitsulo likhoza kuchotsedwa, liyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga, ndiyeno dzenje liyenera kukumbidwanso ndi kubowola. Pambuyo potsukidwa dzenje, khola lachitsulo liyenera kuchepetsedwa ndipo konkriti iyenera kutsanuliridwanso.
2) Ngati muluwo wathyoka chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa chitoliro ndipo konkriti yomwe idatsanuliridwa sinalimbitsidwe koyambirira, ngalandeyo ikatulutsidwa ndikutsukidwa, malo apamwamba a konkriti otsanuliridwa amayezedwa ndi nyundo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ndodo ndi ngalande imawerengedwa molondola. Njirayi imatsitsidwa mpaka 10 cm pamwamba pa konkire yotsanuliridwa ndipo chikhodzodzo cha mpira chimawonjezeredwa. Pitirizani kuthira konkire. Pamene konkire yomwe ili muzitsulo ikudzaza ngalandeyo, sungani ngalande yomwe ili pansi pa pamwamba pa konkire yothira, ndipo mulu wonyowa wolowa nawo umatha.
3) Ngati muluwo wathyoledwa chifukwa cha kugwa kapena ngalandeyo silingathe kutulutsidwa, ndondomeko yowonjezera mulu ikhoza kuperekedwa molumikizana ndi kapangidwe kake kaphatikizidwe ndi lipoti losamalira ngozi, ndipo miluyo imatha kuwonjezeredwa mbali zonse ziwiri. mulu wapachiyambi.
4) Ngati mulu wosweka umapezeka panthawi yowunika thupi la mulu, muluwo wapangidwa panthawiyi, ndipo gululo likhoza kufunsidwa kuti liphunzire njira ya chithandizo cha grouting reinforcement. Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde onaninso zidziwitso zoyenera za pile foundation reinforcement.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-11-2024