Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kayendetsedwe ka khalidwe lakuya maziko a dzenje loletsa madzi kumanga

Mawu osakira: Kutsekereza dzenje lakuya kwamadzi; kusunga dongosolo; wosanjikiza madzi; mfundo zazikulu za kayendetsedwe ka khadi

M'mapulojekiti ozama a maziko, kumanga koyenera kotsekera madzi ndikofunikira pamapangidwe onse, komanso kudzakhudza kwambiri moyo wautumiki wa nyumbayo. Choncho, ntchito zoletsa madzi zimakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pomanga maenje ozama a maziko. Pepalali makamaka limaphatikiza machitidwe akuya omanga dzenje la Nanning Metro ndi ntchito zomanga za Hangzhou South Station kuti aphunzire ndikusanthula ukadaulo wotsekera madzi amadzimadzi, ndikuyembekeza kupereka phindu lina lantchito zofananira mtsogolo.

1. Kusunga dongosolo kuletsa madzi

(I) Makhalidwe oletsa madzi azinthu zosiyanasiyana zosungira

Chomangira choyimirira mozungulira dzenje lakuya la maziko nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa chosungira. Kapangidwe kosungirako ndi kofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kukumbidwa kotetezeka kwa dzenje lakuya la maziko. Pali mitundu yambiri yamapangidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maenje akuya, ndipo njira zawo zomangira, njira ndi makina omangira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyana. Zomwe zimayimitsa madzi zomwe zimapezedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomanga sizili zofanana, onani Table 1 kuti mudziwe zambiri

(II) Njira zopewera madzi pomanga khoma lolumikizidwa pansi

Kumanga dzenje la maziko a Nanhu Station ya Nanning Metro kutengera khoma lolumikizidwa pansi. Khoma lolumikizidwa pansi limakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zoletsa madzi. Ntchito yomanga ndi yofanana ndi milu yotopetsa. Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa

1. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yoyendetsera khalidwe loletsa madzi ili mu chithandizo chophatikizana pakati pa makoma awiri. Ngati mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomangira mankhwala ophatikizana zitha kugwiridwa, zotsatira zabwino zoletsa madzi zidzakwaniritsidwa.

2. Pambuyo popanga groove, mapeto a konkire yapafupi ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kupukuta mpaka pansi. Chiwerengero cha maburashi pakhoma sichiyenera kukhala nthawi zosachepera 20 mpaka pakhoma palibe matope.

3. Khola lachitsulo lisanatsitsidwe, kanyumba kakang'ono kamayikidwa kumapeto kwa khola lachitsulo pambali pa khoma. Pakukhazikitsa, ubwino wa mgwirizanowo umayendetsedwa mosamalitsa kuti zisawonongeke kuti zisamatseke njira. Panthawi yofukula dzenje la maziko, ngati madzi akutuluka akupezeka pa khoma, grouting ikuchitika kuchokera ku ngalande yaing'ono.

(III) Cholinga choletsa madzi pomanga milu yoponyedwa m'malo

Nyumba zina zosungirako za Hangzhou South Station zimatengera mtundu wa mulu wotopetsa + wopindika kwambiri wa jeti wozungulira. Kuwongolera kamangidwe ka chinsalu chotchinga chapamwamba cha rotary jet mulu woyimitsa madzi pakumanga ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri yoletsa madzi. Panthawi yomanga nsalu yotchinga madzi, kusiyana kwa mulu, khalidwe la slurry ndi kuthamanga kwa jekeseni ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa kuti lamba wotsekedwa wamadzi apangidwe mozungulira mulu woponyedwa kuti akwaniritse bwino madzi.

2. Kuwongolera kukumba dzenje la maziko

Panthawi yofukula dzenje la maziko, mawonekedwe osungira amatha kutayikira chifukwa cha kusamalidwa koyenera kwa ma node osungira. Pofuna kupewa ngozi zobwera chifukwa cha kutayikira kwamadzi pamapangidwe osungira, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuzindikirika pakufukula dzenje la maziko:

1. Panthawi yofukula, kukumba kwakhungu kumaletsedwa. Samalani kwambiri kusintha kwa madzi kunja kwa dzenje la maziko ndi kutuluka kwa dongosolo losungirako. Ngati madzi akutuluka panthawi yofukula, malo otsekemera ayenera kubwezeretsedwanso nthawi kuti ateteze kukula ndi kusakhazikika. Kufukula kungapitirire pambuyo potsatira njira yofananira. 2. Madzi am'madzi ang'onoang'ono ayenera kusamalidwa munthawi yake. Tsukani pamwamba pa konkire, gwiritsani ntchito simenti yamphamvu kwambiri kuti mutseke khoma, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito kanjira kakang'ono kukhetsa kuti malo otayirawo asakule. Simenti yosindikiza ikafika mphamvu, gwiritsani ntchito makina opangira ma grouting kuti musindikize njira yaying'ono.

3. Kuletsa madzi a dongosolo lalikulu

Kutsekereza madzi a dongosolo waukulu ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri zakuya maziko dzenje madzi. Poyang'anira mbali zotsatirazi, dongosolo lalikulu likhoza kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino zoletsa madzi.

(I) Kuwongolera khalidwe la konkire

Ubwino wa konkriti ndiye maziko owonetsetsa kuti madzi asatseke. Kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo zopangira ndi wopanga chiŵerengero cha kusakaniza kumatsimikizira kuti zinthu zothandizira za konkire zimakhazikika.

The aggregate kulowa malo ayenera anaunika ndi kuvomerezedwa malinga ndi "Miyezo ya Quality ndi Anayendera Njira Mchenga ndi Mwala kwa Wamba Konkire" matope zili, matope chipika zili, singano-ngati, tinthu grading, etc. mchenga okhutira ndi otsika monga n'kotheka pansi pa maziko a kukumana mphamvu ndi workability, kotero kuti pali coarse coarse kokwanira mu konkire. The konkire chigawo kusakaniza chiŵerengero ayenera kukumana mphamvu zofunikira za kapangidwe konkire kapangidwe, durability pansi madera osiyanasiyana, ndi kupanga osakaniza konkire kukhala ndi ntchito katundu monga flowability kuti zimagwirizana ndi mikhalidwe yomanga. Kusakaniza konkire kuyenera kukhala kofanana, kosavuta kuphatikizira komanso kusagwirizana ndi tsankho, zomwe ndizofunikira pakuwongolera konkriti. Choncho, ntchito ya konkire iyenera kutsimikiziridwa mokwanira.

(II) Kuwongolera zomanga

1. Chithandizo cha konkire. Mgwirizano wa zomangamanga umapangidwa pa mphambano ya konkire yatsopano ndi yakale. Chithandizo cha roughening chimawonjezera malo omangirira a konkire yatsopano ndi yakale, zomwe sizimangowonjezera kupitiliza kwa konkriti, komanso zimathandizira khoma kukana kupindika ndi kumeta ubweya. Musanathire konkire, slurry yoyera imafalikira ndikukutidwa ndi simenti yotsutsana ndi seepage crystalline material. Zinthu zotsutsana ndi simenti zokhala ndi simenti zimatha kulumikiza mipata pakati pa konkriti ndikuletsa madzi akunja kuti asalowe.

2. Kuyika kwachitsulo choyimitsa madzi. Chitsulo chachitsulo choyimitsa madzi chiyenera kukwiriridwa pakati pa gawo la konkriti lomwe linatsanuliridwa, ndipo zopindika mbali zonse ziwiri ziyenera kuyang'anizana ndi madzi. Chitsulo choyimitsa madzi cholumikizira lamba wakunja kwa khoma lakunja chiyenera kuyikidwa pakati pa khoma lakunja la konkriti, ndipo choyikapo choyimirira ndi mbale iliyonse yopingasa yopingasa madzi iyenera kumangiriridwa mwamphamvu. Pambuyo pokwezeka kopingasa kwa choyimitsa chitsulo choyimbirapo madzi chatsimikizidwa, mzere uyenera kujambulidwa kumapeto kwa chitsulo choyimbirapo madzi molingana ndi malo owongolera a nyumbayo kuti kumtunda kwake kukhale kowongoka.

Mipiringidzo yachitsulo imakhazikika ndi kuwotcherera zitsulo, ndipo mipiringidzo yachitsulo ya oblique imawotcherera pamwamba pa ndodo ya formwork kuti ikonzeke. Mipiringidzo yaifupi yachitsulo imawotcherera pansi pazitsulo zachitsulo kuti zithandizire mbale yachitsulo. Kutalika kwake kuyenera kutengera makulidwe a khoma lachitsulo la konkriti ndipo lisakhale lalitali kwambiri kuti lisapangike njira zamadzi zotuluka m'mphepete mwazitsulo zazifupi zachitsulo. Mipiringidzo yachitsulo yayifupi nthawi zambiri imakhala yosapitirira 200mm motalikirana, ndi imodzi kumanzere ndi kumanja. Ngati malowa ndi ochepa kwambiri, mtengo ndi kuchuluka kwa uinjiniya kumawonjezeka. Ngati malowa ndi aakulu kwambiri, chitsulo choyimitsa madzi chimakhala chosavuta kupindika komanso chosavuta kupunduka chifukwa cha kunjenjemera pothira konkire.

Zitsulo mbale zitsulo ndi welded, ndipo chilolo kutalika mbale ziwiri zitsulo si zosakwana 50mm. Mbali zonse ziwiri ziyenera kukhala zowotcherera mokwanira, ndipo kutalika kwa weld sikuchepera kuposa makulidwe a mbale yachitsulo. Asanayambe kuwotcherera, kuyesa kuwotcherera kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti musinthe magawo omwe alipo. Ngati magetsi ndi aakulu kwambiri, n'zosavuta kuwotcha kapena kuwotcha kudzera muzitsulo zachitsulo. Ngati panopa ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, n'zovuta kuyambitsa arc ndipo kuwotcherera sikolimba.

3. Kuyika zingwe zotsekera madzi zokulitsa madzi. Musanayike chotchinga chamadzi chotupa chamadzi, sesani zinyalala, fumbi, zinyalala, ndi zina zotero, ndi kuulula zolimba m'munsi. Pambuyo pomanga, kutsanulira pansi ndi yopingasa kumanga olowa, kuwonjezera madzi-kutupa waterstop Mzere pamodzi ulozera kutambasuka kwa olowa kumanga, ndi ntchito zomatira zake kumamatira mwachindunji pakati pa zomangamanga olowa. Kuphatikizika kolumikizana sikuyenera kukhala kosachepera 5cm, ndipo palibe zotsalira zomwe ziyenera kusiyidwa; Pamalo omangirira oyima, poyambira malo osaya amayenera kusungidwa, ndipo mzere woyimitsa madzi uyenera kuyikidwa mumphako wosungidwa; ngati palibe groove yosungidwa, misomali yachitsulo yamphamvu kwambiri ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pokonza, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kudziphatika kwake kuti amamatire mwachindunji pa mawonekedwe ogwirizanitsa omangamanga, ndikugwirizanitsa mofanana pamene akukumana ndi pepala lodzipatula. Mzere woyimitsa madzi ukakhazikika, chotsani pepala lodzipatula ndikutsanulira konkire.

4. Kugwedezeka kwa konkire. Nthawi ndi njira ya kugwedera konkire ziyenera kukhala zolondola. Iyenera kugwedezeka kwambiri koma osati kugwedezeka kapena kutayikira. Panthawi yogwedezeka, kutsekemera kwamatope kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo matope omwe amawaza mkati mwa mawonekedwe ayenera kutsukidwa pakapita nthawi. Mfundo zogwedezeka za konkire zimagawidwa kuchokera pakati mpaka m'mphepete, ndipo ndodozo zimayikidwa mofanana, zosanjikiza ndi zosanjikiza, ndipo gawo lililonse la kutsanulira konkriti liyenera kutsanulidwa mosalekeza. Nthawi yogwedera ya malo aliwonse ogwedezeka iyenera kukhazikika pa konkriti yomwe ikuyandama, yosalala, komanso osatulukanso thovu, nthawi zambiri 20-30s, kupewa tsankho lobwera chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kopitilira muyeso.

Kuthira konkriti kuyenera kuchitika mosalekeza. Vibrator yolowetsa iyenera kulowetsedwa mwachangu ndikutulutsa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mfundo zoyikamo ziyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi kukonzedwa mu mawonekedwe a maluwa a maula. Vibrator yogwedezeka pamwamba pa konkire iyenera kulowetsedwa m'munsi mwa konkire ndi 5-10cm kuonetsetsa kuti zigawo ziwiri za konkire zimagwirizanitsidwa mwamphamvu. Mayendedwe a kugwedezeka kwamayendedwe akuyenera kukhala osiyana momwe angathere kumayendedwe a konkriti, kotero kuti konkire yogwedezeka isalowenso m'madzi aulere ndi thovu. Vibrator sayenera kukhudza magawo ophatikizidwa ndi formwork panthawi ya vibration.

5. Kusamalira. Konkire ikatsanulidwa, iyenera kuphimbidwa ndikuthiriridwa mkati mwa maola 12 kuti konkire ikhale yonyowa. Nthawi yokonza nthawi zambiri imakhala yosachepera masiku 7. Pazigawo zomwe sizingathe kuthiriridwa, mankhwala ochiritsira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza, kapena filimu yotetezera iyenera kupopera pamwamba pa konkire pambuyo pobowola, zomwe sizingapewe kukonzanso, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika.

4. Kuyala wosanjikiza madzi

Ngakhale kutsekereza kwa dzenje lakuya kumakhazikika pa konkriti yodziteteza kumadzi, kuyika kwa wosanjikiza wosanjikiza madzi kumathandizanso kwambiri pama projekiti akuya otsekereza madzi. Kuwongolera mosamalitsa mtundu womanga wosanjikiza wosanjikiza madzi ndiye nsonga yofunika kwambiri pakumanga kopanda madzi.

(I) Chithandizo chapansi pamunsi

Musanayike wosanjikiza wosanjikiza madzi, malo oyambira ayenera kuthandizidwa bwino, makamaka chifukwa cha flatness ndi chithandizo chamadzi. Ngati madzi akutuluka patsinde, madziwo akudonthawo ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi pulagi. Pansi pake payenera kukhala paukhondo, wopanda kuipitsa, wopanda dontho la madzi, wopanda madzi.

(II) Kuyala mtundu wosanjikiza madzi

1. Chingwe chopanda madzi chiyenera kukhala ndi chiphaso cha fakitale, ndipo zinthu zoyenerera zokha zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Maziko omangira osalowa madzi ayenera kukhala athyathyathya, owuma, aukhondo, olimba, osati amchenga kapena osenda. 2. Musanagwiritse ntchito madzi osanjikiza, ngodya zapansi ziyenera kuthandizidwa. Makona ayenera kupangidwa kukhala ma arcs. Kutalika kwa ngodya yamkati kuyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa 50mm, ndipo m'mimba mwake mwakona yakunja iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa 100mm. 3. Kumanga wosanjikiza wosanjikiza madzi kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zofunikira ndi kapangidwe kake. 4. Yang'anani malo olumikizirana yomanga, dziwani kutalika kwa konkriti ndikutsanulira, ndikuchita chithandizo cholimbikitsira madzi pamalo olumikizirana. 5. Pambuyo poyika m'munsi wosanjikiza madzi, gawo loteteza liyenera kumangidwa munthawi yake kuti lipewe kuwotcha ndi kubowola wosanjikiza wosanjikiza madzi panthawi yowotcherera zitsulo ndikuwononga wosanjikiza wosalowa madzi pakugwedezeka kwa konkriti.

V. Mapeto

Kulowa ndi kutsekereza madzi mavuto wamba wa ntchito zapansi panthaka zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe lonse la zomangamanga, koma n'zosapeŵeka. Timalongosola momveka bwino lingaliro lakuti "kukonza ndiko maziko, zipangizo ndizo maziko, zomangamanga ndiye chinsinsi, ndipo kasamalidwe ndi chitsimikizo". Pomanga mapulojekiti opanda madzi, kuwongolera mosamalitsa kamangidwe ka njira iliyonse ndikutengera njira zodzitetezera ndikuwongolera zidzakwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zikuyembekezeka.