Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwa madongosolo a dzenje

Mawu osakira: Maziko akuya a Pit Kumadzi; kapangidwe kake; wosanjikiza madzi; Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chiwongolero cha khadi

Mu ma projekiti akuya a dzenje, molondola zomanga zosagwedezeka ndizofunikira kwambiri kapangidwe kake, ndipo zidzakhudzanso moyo wanyumbayo. Chifukwa chake, ntchito zosafunikira zokhala ndi madzi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pantchito yomanga maenje. Pepalali makamaka limaphatikiza maziko akuya a Pitress Mapangidwe a Naning Metro ndi Hangezhou South Congring Techning Technology Katekinoloje Kumadzi, akuyembekeza kuti apereke mtengo wina wofanana ndi ntchito zofanana mtsogolo.

1. Kapangidwe kake kosungika

(I) mikhalidwe yoyima yamadzi yopumira

Kapangidwe kakang'ono kosunthika kozungulira dzenje lakuya nthawi zambiri limatchedwa kuti kusungitsa. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kufukutira kwa dzenje lakuya. Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maenje pamaziko a maziko, ndi njira zawo zomangira, njira ndi makina opanga zogwiritsira ntchito ndizosiyana. Zotsatira zoipitsa madzi zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa ndi njira zingapo zomanga sizofanana, onani tebulo 1 mwatsatanetsatane

(Ii) Kusamala kwamadzi oyendetsera pansi pazenera

Maziko akumanga masitima a nanhu ya Naning Metro amatengera khoma lolumikizidwa. Khoma lolumikizidwa pansi limakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Njira yomangayi ndi yofanana ndi ya miyala yobowola. Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwika

1. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yowongolera madzi othirira mabodza pakati pa khoma liwirili. Ngati mfundo zazikuluzikulu za zomangamanga zolumikizirana zimatha kuchitidwa, zotsatira zabwino zodzitchinjiriza zidzatheka.

2. Pambuyo poyambira amapangidwa, nkhope zomaliza za konkriti zoyandikana zikayenera kutsukidwa ndikugwedezeka mpaka pansi. Chiwerengero cha zokutira kukhoma siziyenera kukhala zosakwana 20 mpaka kulibe matope patsamba la khoma.

3. Panthawi ya kukhazikitsa, mtundu wa cholumikizira umayendetsedwa mosamalitsa kuteteza kutaya kwa kosangalatsa. Pakufukula madzenje a dzenje, ngati kutaya kwamadzi kumapezeka pakhoma kolumikizidwa, kudzikuza kumachitika kuchokera kwa kalikonse.

(Iii) Cholinga cha madzi oyendayenda

Makina ena osungidwa aku Sotzzhou South Station amatengera mawonekedwe ovala mulu wobowola utoto wambiri, + ntchentche kwambiri. Kuwongolera mtundu wa zomangamanga zazitali kwambiri pozungulira pomanga pamanja ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri yopanda madzi. Pakumanga nsalu yotchinga yamadzi, mulu wa mauthenga, kupanikizika kwabwino komanso kupanikizika kwabwino kuyenera kulamulidwa mwamphamvu kuti lamba lotsekeka mosamalitsa kuti akwaniritse mpweya wabwino.

2. Maziko a dzenje kufufuka

Pakangombamba dzenje, kapangidwe kosungika kumatha kutayikira chifukwa chosayenera kuthandizira. Pofuna kupewa ngozi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kutaya kwamadzi kosungika, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwika pamaziko a dzenje:

1. Pakafukufuku wofukula, zokumba zakhungu ndi zoletsedwa. Samalani kwambiri kusintha kwamadzi kunja kwa madzi padzenje ndi njira yosungirako. Ngati kugwa kwamadzi kumachitika pazaka zokumba zakukumba, mawonekedwe a khutu ayenera kutumizidwanso nthawi yopewera kukulitsa komanso kusakhazikika. Kufukula kumatha kupitilizidwa pambuyo poti njira yofananira imakhazikitsidwa. 2. Madzi ochepa-ang'onoang'ono amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yake. Yeretsani konkriti, gwiritsani ntchito simenti yayikulu mwachangu kuti isindikize khomalo, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito yaying'ono kuti isachepetse malo osinthira. Pambuyo pa simenti yosindikiza ikufika mphamvu, gwiritsani ntchito makina oyipitsa ndi kukakamizidwa kuti musindikize kabati kakang'ono.

3..

Kupanda kusefukira kwakukulu ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamaziko akuya dzenje. Mwa kuwongolera mbali zotsatirazi, kapangidwe kake kamatha kukwaniritsa mphamvu yabwino.

(I) kuwongolera konkriti

Kukonzanso konkriti ndibwino kuti muwonetsetse kuti pali mitundu yopanda madzi. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zophika ndi wopanga kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero chosakaniza onetsetsani kuti ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya konkriti.

Wolemba malowa akuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuvomerezedwa mogwirizana ndi "miyezo ya mchenga komanso miyala yosiyanasiyana. Chigawo chophatikizika chimayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe ka konkriti, kulimba kwa malo osiyanasiyana, ndikupangitsa osakaniza madera osiyanasiyana, ndikupanga osakaniza a konkriti ali ndi katundu wogwira ntchito monga momwe amapangira zomangamanga. Osakaniza konkriti ayenera kukhala yunifolomu, yosavuta kugwirizanitsa ndi kukana-tsankho, omwe ndi malo oti musinthe konkriti. Chifukwa chake, kugwirira ntchito konkriti kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kwathunthu.

(Ii) Kuwongolera

1. Chithandizo cha konkriti. Cholowa chomanga chimapangidwa pamsonkhano wa konkriti watsopano komanso wakale. Kuchizira kwakufuna kumawonjezera konkire yatsopano ndi yakale, yomwe sikungowonjezera kupitirira kwa konkriti, komanso imathandizanso khomalo kuti lizitha kugwada ndi kukangana. Asanawatulutsire konkriti, malo oyeretsa amafalikira kenako ndikuwombedwa ndi ma crivage a ma crystage. Zida zotsutsana ndi ma crystage zimatha kuphatikizika bwino pakati pa konkriti ndikuletsa madzi akunja kuti asalowe.

2. Kukhazikitsa kwa chitsulo chamadzi. Pulogalamu yachitsulo yamadzi iyenera kuyikidwa m'manda mwa kukolola konkire yophika, ndipo manyowa mbali zonse ziwiri ayenera kukumana ndi madzi. Pulogalamu yachitsulo yamadzi yomangamanga ya khoma la khomalo liyenera kuyikidwa pakatikati pa khoma lakunja, ndi malo ofukula ndi malo aliwonse ozungulira. Pambuyo pa kukwera kwamasamba opingasa pang'onopang'ono, mzere uyenera kukokedwa kumapeto kwa plate yamadzi molingana ndi malo opangira nyumbayo kuti ukhale wowongoka.

Mbale zachitsulo zimakhazikika ndi zitsulo zowoneka bwino, ndipo zotchinga zitsulo zimayikidwa pamtundu wapamwamba wokonzekera. Zida zazifupi zachitsulo zimawombedwa pansi pa phazi lachitsulo kuti lithandizire mbale yachitsulo. Kutalika kuyenera kutengera makulidwe a konkriti ya Slab Khodi yachitsulo ndipo sikuyenera kukhala motalika kwambiri kuti muchepetse mapangidwe a njira zamadzi. Mitengo yochepa yachitsulo nthawi zambiri imangokhala 200mm yosiyana, ndi imodzi kumanzere ndi kumanja. Ngati kukwerako kuli kochepa kwambiri, mtengo wake ndi uilo umakwera. Ngati kutalika kwakukuluku ndi kwakukulu, chitsulo chamadzi chophweka ndikosavuta kugwada komanso kosavuta kusokoneza chifukwa chogwedezeka pothira konkriti.

Kulumikizana kwachitsulo kumawombedwa, ndipo kutalika kwa mbale ziwiri zitsulo sizochepera 50mm. Mapeto onsewa azikhala ouzidwa kwathunthu, ndipo kutalika kwa wevel si kochepera makulidwe a mbale yachitsulo. Musanalowe, kuwombererera koyesedwa kuyenera kuchitika kuti musinthe magawo. Ngati zaposachedwa kwambiri, ndizosavuta kuwotcha kapena kuwotcha mbale yachitsulo. Ngati zaposachedwa kwambiri, ndizovuta kuyambitsa Arc ndi kuwotcha sikolimba.

3. Kukhazikitsa kwa mizere yamadzi yowonjezera madzi. Musanaike chotupa chamadzimadzi madzi, kusefukira, fumbi, zinyalala, etc. Pambuyo pomanga, kutsanulira pansi ndi mafupa oyenda ozungulira, kukulitsa madzi otupa madzi pamgwirizano pomanga omanga, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zomata zake. Kulumikiza kolunjika sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 5cm, ndipo palibe zopinga zomwe ziyenera kusiyidwa; Pa cholowa cholumikizira, pogala osaya ziyenera kusungidwa koyamba, ndipo mzere wamadzi uyenera kuphatikizidwa m'nyengo yosungidwa; Ngati palibe njira yosungirako, misomali yamphamvu yokhazikika imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomatira zake mwachindunji pa mawonekedwe omanga, ndipo moyenera amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati zikakumana pepala lotalikirana. Mzere wa madziwo utakhazikika, agwetse pepalalo ndikuthira konkriti.

4.. Nthawi ndi njira ya kugwedezeka kwa konkriti yoyenera kukhala yolondola. Iyenera kugwedezeka kwambiri koma osachita bwino kapena odulidwa. Pa nthawi yogwedezeka, ofatsa matope ayenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo matopewo amapaka pamtunda wa mawonekedwe ayenera kutsukidwa munthawi yake. Magawo a konkriti amagawidwa kuchokera pakati mpaka m'mphepete, ndipo ndodo zimayikidwanso, wosanjikiza pamtunda, ndipo gawo lililonse la ku konkreti kuthiridwa kuyenera kuthiridwa mosalekeza. Nthawi yogwedezeka ya kugwedezeka kulikonse iyenera kukhala yokhazikika pamtunda, lathyathyathya, ndipo palibenso ma thovu omwe amatuluka, nthawi zambiri amatuluka 20-30s, kuti apewe tsankho.

Kuthira konkriti kuyenera kuchitika m'malo mwa zigawo komanso mosalekeza. Insiena yoyikika iyenera kuyikika mwachangu ndikutuluka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo malo oyitanitsa ayenera kukonzedwa ndikukonzekera bwino maluwa. Miniti yothilira chapamwamba wosanjikiza uyenera kuyikika mu konkriti wotsikira ndi 5-10cm kuonetsetsa kuti zigawo ziwiri za konkriti zimaphatikizidwa mwamphamvu. Kuwongolera kwa kusintha kwa nyongolotsi kuyenera kukhala kosiyana ndi kuwongolera konkriti, kotero kuti konkriti yogwedezeka sikungalowetsanso madzi aulere ndi thovu. Nibrator sayenera kukhudza magawo ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali nthawi yophulika.

5. Kukonza. Konkritiyo itathiridwa, iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi kuthirira mkati mwa maola 12 kuti musunge konkriti. Nthawi yokonza nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera masiku 7. Kwa zigawo zomwe sizitha kuthiriridwa, wothandizila ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza, kapena filimu yoteteza iyenera kuthiridwa mwachindunji pa konkriti pa konkriti, yomwe silingangopewa kukonzanso, komanso kusintha kulimba.

4. Kugona kwa wosanjikiza madzi

Ngakhale dzenje lakuya kugwedeza madzi amadzi malinga ndi kungoyang'ana konkriti, kugona kwa madzi osanjikiza kumathandizanso kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira mu DZINA LOSAVUTA. Kuwongolera mosamalitsa mtundu wa zomanga zamadzi ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri yomanga madzi.

(I) Chithandizo cha Pamtunda

Musanaike malo osanjikiza madzi, maziko a maziko ayenera kuthandizidwa, makamaka kuti asungunuke ndi chithandizo chamadzi. Ngati pali cholembera madzi pamtunda, kutayikira kumayenera kuthandizidwa. Pamtunda yochitidwa iyenera kukhala yoyera, yolumala, yopanda mathirati-yamadzi yopanda madzi, ndi wopanda madzi.

(II) Kuyika Mtundu wa Wopanda Madzi

1. Membrane yopanda madzi iyenera kukhala ndi satifiketi ya fakitale, ndipo zinthu zoyenera zoyenerera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Maziko omanga madzi ayenera kukhala osalala, owuma, oyera, osakhala amchenga kapena osungunuka. 2. Makona azipangidwa kukhala arc. Dongosolo lamkati lamkati liyenera kukhala lalikulu kuposa 50mm, ndipo m'mimba mwake yako iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa 100mm. 3. Kumanga kwa madzi kuyenera kuchitika molingana ndi zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. 4. Konzani malo omangawo, onani kutalika kwa kuphatikizika kwa konkriti, ndikugwirizanitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamalo omanga. 5. Pambuyo pa maziko a madzi osanjikiza ayikidwa, choteteza kuyenera kupangidwa munthawi kuti chizipukuta ndi kudula madzi pa bar stael usanjidwe ndikusintha kwa sidenti.

V. Pomaliza

Kulowerera ndi kuthina kwamadzi kofala kwa majekiti apansi panthaka zimakhudza mtundu wonse wa kapangidwe kake, koma siosapepuka. Timalongosola bwino kwambiri kuti "kapangidwe kake ndi maziko, zida ndi malo ofunikira, ndipo kasamalidwe ndi chitsimikizo". Pomanga mapulojekiti opangira madzi, kuwongolera koyenera kwa mtundu womanga njira iliyonse komanso njira zomwe zingalepheretse kutengera zolinga zomwe akuyembekezeredwa.