한국어
中文1. Njira yosinthira
. Izi zimasintha mawonekedwe omwe akuwoneka bwino pamaziko ndikusintha njira zake zoletsa komanso kuthekera kokhazikika.
Malangizo omanga: Kukumba dothi lapansi kuti lisinthidwe ndikusamala kukhazikika kwa dzenjelo; Onetsetsani kuti osefera; Zosefera ziyenera kulumikizidwa mu zigawo.
. Thupi la Pile ndi dothi loyambirira lipanga malo ophatikizika kuti akwaniritse cholinga chowonjezera mphamvu zakulera komanso kuchepetsa kusiyana. Kusamala: Kuthana ndi Mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa mulu wa mwala wosweka kumadalira kukula kwa dothi loyambirira panthaka. Ofooka amalimba, zoyipa zamiyala yosweka. Chifukwa chake, njirayi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala mukamagwiritsidwa ntchito padongosolo ofewa okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.
. Thupi la mulu ndi maziko oyamba amapanga maziko ophatikizika. Chifukwa cha kufinya ndi kubisala, nthaka imafinya pambuyo pake, nthaka imakwera, ndipo kuthamanga kwa dothi kumachuluka. Kuthamanga kwamadzi kwambiri kukakhala, nthaka imalimbikitsanso. Njira Zomanga: Pomwe zosefera ndi mchenga ndi miyala yokhazikika, ndi njira yabwino yoyambira.
2. Njira yoyambira
. Maziko akhazikitsidwa kale kuti amalize kukhazikika kwa malowo ndikukhala ndi mphamvu ya maziko amakonzedwa, katunduyo amachotsedwa ndipo nyumbayo imamangidwa. Njira zomanga ndi mfundo zazikulu: a. Katundu wokwera ayenera kukhala wofanana kapena wamkulu kuposa wopanga katundu; b. Kwa malo otalika, galimoto yotayika ndi bulldozer imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza, ndipo gawo loyamba la kukweza dothi lofewa limatha kuchitika ndi makina owala kapena ntchito yamanja; c. M'lifupi kwambiri wa katunduyo uzikhala wocheperako kuposa pansi m'lifupi mwake, ndipo pansi ziyenera kukulitsidwa moyenera; d. Katundu wochitapo kanthu pamaziko sayenera kupitirira gawo lalikulu lamaziko.
. Pampu ya vacuum imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti isatuluke ndi mchenga wamchenga kuti apange kukakamizidwa pa maziko pansi pa nembanemba. Pamene mpweya ndi madzi pamaziko amatulutsidwa, nthaka yokhazikitsidwa ndi yophatikizika. Pofuna kuthamangitsa kukondwerera, zitsime zamchenga kapena matabwa apulasitiki amathanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndiye kuti, matabwa amchenga kapena matabwa okwirira amatha kufupikitsa mtunda wa Mchenga ndi geomembrane kuti adule mtunda. Mfundo Zomanga: Zikakhazikitsa njira zofukizira, ziphuphu zowonjezereka ziyenera kuyikidwa m'manda kapena mafano am'madzi, ndipo nembano lopindika pamchenga azikhala kanema wa polyvinyl chloride motsatira. Derali litakula, ndikofunikira kuti likonzekere m'malo osiyanasiyana; Pangani zowunikira pa vacuum degree, malo okhala, kukhazikika kwakuya, zopingasa zopingasa, etc.; Pambuyo poyambira, mchenga wamchenga ndipo humus uyenera kuchotsedwa. Chisamaliro chikuyenera kulipidwa pamavuto ozungulira.
(3) Njira yotsika yotsika yomwe imatsitsa pansi pamadzi apansi imatha kuchepetsa kupindika pamaziko a dothi ndikuwonjezera kutsitsimuka kwa dothi lolemera, kuti kupsinjika kotheratu kumawonjezeka, poyambira kuyambiranso maziko. Izi zikuyenera kukwaniritsa cholinga chotsitsa ndi kutsitsa pansi pamadzi ndikudalira kudzikuza kwa dothi la maziko. Mfundo Zomanga: Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito bwino mfundo zazikuluzikulu, ndege bwino mfundo kapena zabwino kwambiri; Dothi losanjikizali likadzaza dongo, silika, silika ndi dongo losalala, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza ndi electrodes.
. Pansi pa gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi wamba, madzi m'nthaka amayenda kuchokera ku mawonekedwe kupita ku cast electroosmosis. Musalole madzi kuti apangidwenso kunsi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuti atulutsire madzi kuchokera ku malo abwino ku Catoode, kotero kuti pamlingo wamadziwo umatsitsidwa ndipo madzi omwe ali m'nthaka amachepetsedwa. Zotsatira zake, maziko amaphatikizidwa ndikuphatikizika, ndipo mphamvu zimayendetsedwa. Njira ya electroosmosis imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito molumikizana ndi kutsitsimuka kuti ithandizire kuphatikizira kwa dothi lomwe lakwaniritsidwa.
3. Kuphatikizika ndi njira yosinthira
1. Njira yotsatsa imagwiritsa ntchito makina osokoneza bongo, makina otsika kwambiri, ogubuduza kapena makina olimbitsa thupi ozungulira kuti agwirizane ndi dothi lotsegulira. Itha kulumikizanso dothi lodzaza. Madzi omwe ali pamwamba panthaka ndi okwera kapena omwe ali ndi madzi omwe amadzaza dothi ndi okwera, laimu ndi simenti amatha kuyikidwa pazigawo zopanga nthaka.
2. Njira yolemera ya nyundo yokongoletsera ya nyundo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu yomwe imapangidwa ndi nyundo yamphamvu ya nyundo ya nyundo kuti ipange maziko osaya pansi, ndipo makulidwe enaake omwe amapezeka pamtunda. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomanga: Kumangidwa kwa mayesero, kuyeserera koyenera kuyenera kuchitika kuti adziwe magawo oyenera, monga kuchuluka kwa nyundo, kuchuluka kotsika kanthawi kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwake. Kukweza pansi pa poyambira ndi dzenje pamaso pa kuyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa momwe mapangidwe; Chinyezi chokhala ndi maziko a dothi liyenera kulamulidwa mkati mwa minyewa yotsemphana; Kusanja kwakukulu kumayenera kuchitika; Poyamba woyamba ndi wosaya pambuyo pomwe kukwera kumene ndikosiyana; Pa nthawi yomanga nyengo ya nyengo, dothi likaundana, nthaka yowuma iyenera kufufuzidwa kapena kuthina nthaka iyenera kusungunuka. Mukamaliza, malo omasulira amayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi kapena nthaka yoyandama iyenera kutumizidwa ku malo okwera pamtunda wa pafupifupi 1m.
3. Kutulutsa kwamphamvu ndiko chidule cha kupindika kwamphamvu. Nyumbi yolemera imagwera momasuka ku malo okwezeka, ndikuwongolera mphamvu kwambiri pamaziko, ndikuyika pansi. Kapangidwe kake mu dothi loizoni kumasinthidwa, ndipo dothi limayamba kuwirira, lomwe limatha kukonza mphamvu za maziko ndikuchepetsa kuwongolera. Njira yomangayi ili motere: 1) Lemberani tsambalo; 2) Ikani gradvel cruve wosanjikiza; 3) Khazikitsani miyala yamiyala yopanga mphamvu; 4) Mulingo ndikudzaza miyala yolimba ya gradvel; 5) Wokhazikika kamodzi; 6) mulingo ndi kuvala geotextile; 7) bweretsani malo osanjikiza am'mimba am'mimba ndikugubuduza kasanu ndi kawiri ndikuwombera. Nthawi zambiri, pamaso pa mphamvu zazikuluzikulu, mayeso amayenera kuchitika pamalo okhala ndi malo osapitirira 400m2 kuti apeze deta ndi zomangamanga.
4. Njira yolumikizira
1. Njira yotsatsa imagwiritsa ntchito kugwedezeka kokhazikika ndi kufinya mobwerezabwereza komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi chipangizo chapadera pang'onopang'ono kuwononga mawonekedwe a dothi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yamadzi ambiri. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nyumba, ma tinthu ta dothi imatha kusamukira kwambiri, kuti dothi lisinthe kuchokera kwathu.
Njira yomanga: (1) Lemberani malo omangawo ndikukonza milu; . . Bwerezani zomwe zili pamwambapa 1 mpaka 2 kuti mupange matope mu bowo. . Bwerezani gawo ili mpaka kumapeto kwakuyaku kumafika poyambira pano, ndikulemba kuchuluka kwa filler. . . Magawo oyamba ayenera kutsimikizika kudzera pamulu wa malo opangira mayeso. . Matope otsika pansi pa thankiyo amatha kukumbidwa pafupipafupi ndikutumiza kumalo osungirako okha. Madzi owoneka bwino pamwamba pa thanki yotumphuka imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. .
2. Mapaipi olima miyala (miyala ya miyala, miyala ya dothi, miyala yotsika, ndikukweza mabowo) matope akuyika thupi lapamwamba, zomwe zimapanga Maziko ophatikizira ndi maziko oyambira.
3. Miyala yamiyala yamiyala (block miyala yamiyala) Gwiritsani ntchito matope owoneka bwino kapena njira zopewera pansi pamtengo, ndi tamp mobwerezabwereza kuti mupange miyala yamiyala kapena block miyala.
5. Njira yosakanikirana
1. Njira Yokwera Kwambiri Kwambiri (Njira Yokwera Kwambiri Kwambiri) imagwiritsa ntchito kukakamizidwa kwambiri kuti musungunuke kuchokera ku dzenje la jekeseni kudzera mu bomba, ndikuwononga dothi ndikusakanikirana ndi dothi. Pambuyo polimba, imakhala mulu wosakanikirana (mzere), womwe umapanga maziko ophatikizika limodzi ndi maziko. Njira iyi imathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga kapangidwe kake kapena kapangidwe kake kotsutsa.
2. Njira Yakusakanikirana Kwambiri Njira yozama kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti ilimbikitse dongo lofewa. Imagwiritsa ntchito simenti slorry ndi simenti (kapena laimu ufa) ngati wothandizila wamkulu, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito makina osakanikirane kwambiri kuti mutumize dothi ladothi ndikupanga maziko ophatikizika ndi maziko oyamba. Mphamvu za thupi ndi zamakina za dothi nthaka nthaka (zikuluzikulu) zimatengera zochita zingapo mwakuthupi pakati pochiritsa wothandizila ndi nthaka. Kuchuluka kwa omwe amawachiritsa adawonjeza, kufananako ndi zinthu za dothi ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza katundu wa miyala ya simenti (mzati) komanso mphamvu ya maziko a malo ophatikizika. Njira zomanga: ⑨ Pambuyo pa muluwo utamalizidwa, yeretsani dothi lomwe limakutidwa ndi masamba osakanikirana ndi doko lothirapo, ndikusuntha driver wa pile kupita kumilu ina yomanga.
6. Njira yothandizira
(1) Geosynthetics Geosynthetics ndi mtundu watsopano wazinthu zaukadaulo. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma pointers opangidwa mwaluso monga plastics, ulusi wa mankhwala, kupangira mphira, etc. Monga zida zophika kuti apange mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu kuti ilimbikitse kapena kuteteza nthaka. Geosynthetics ikhoza kugawidwa kukhala geteraxes, a geomembranes, geosynthetic apadera ndi geosynthetics.
. Nkhosi msomali umalumikizana ndi dothi loyandikana ndi kutalika kwake. Kudalira kutsutsana ndi mikangano yolimbana ndi mawonekedwe, imapanga dothi lophatikizika ndi dothi loyandikana. Misomali ya dothi imangokakamizidwa ndi vuto la nthaka. Nthaka imalimbikitsidwa makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito yake yonyamula. Nthaka zam'munda zimapanga mbali inayo ndi ndege, chifukwa chake imatchedwa kuti olepheretsa kulimbikitsidwa. Misomali ya dothi ndi yoyenera poyambira madongosolo ndi malo otsetsereka a kudzaza zonenepa, dothi ladongo, komanso lopanda mchenga pamwamba pa nthaka yotsika mtengo kapena pambuyo pa mpweya.
. Kulimbikitsidwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, manyowa, ma meshiary, ndi zinthu za kufilala ndi mphamvu zazikulu zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, zotsutsana zazikulu komanso zowonongeka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga ma sheet achitsulo; aluminium slows, zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa, etc.
7. Njira yolira
Gwiritsani ntchito kupsinjika kwa mpweya, kupanikizika kwa hydraulic kapena ma ectoctrochemic kuti muswenso malo ena okhazikika pamaziko a sing'anga kapena kusiyana pakati pa nyumbayo ndi maziko. Kusungunuka kolunjika kungakhale simenti slurry, matope a simenti, dothi lopanda dongo komanso lopindika, limalepheretsa kutsutsa, zolimbitsa thupi komanso zonyansa zowongolera. Malinga ndi njira yolira, imatha kugawidwa mokweza, kudziloweza, kugawa ma grout ndi electoramical. Njira yokongola ili ndi mapulogalamu angapo m'madzi osungiramo madzi, zomangamanga, misewu ndi milatho ndi minda yosiyanasiyana yaukadaulo.
8. Dothi loipa loipa loipa ndi mawonekedwe awo
1. Dongo wofewa wofewa amatchedwanso dothi lofewa, lomwe ndi chidule cha dothi lofooka. Zinapangidwa kumapeto kwa fitanthwertary ndipo ndi a ma viruus a gawo la Marine, malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja, gawo la nyanja, gawo la Delta. Madothi ofooka ambiri ndi dothi loyera komanso lopusa. Mphamvu ya dothi yofewa ndi makina ofooketsa zimaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi: Dongo lofewa limakhala lamdima wakuda, wobiriwira wakuda, amakhala ndi fungo loyipa, limakhala ndi vuto la organic, ndipo limakhala ndi madzi ambiri kuposa 40%. Chiwerengero cha Ceresess nthawi zambiri chimakhala 1.0-2.0, lomwe gawo lomwe gawo lina la 1.0-1.5 limatchedwa dongo losaneneka, komanso kuchuluka kwa chidwi chachikulu kuposa 1.5 amatchedwa silt. Chifukwa cha dongo lake lalitali, madzi ake okwera kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe ake, makina ake amawonetsanso mawonekedwe ofanana - mphamvu yayikulu, mphamvu yotsetsereka, yotsika kwambiri komanso chidwi chachikulu. . Dongo lofewa, makamaka silata, amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi dongo wamba. Clay ofewa ndi oponderezedwa kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kovuta ndi wamkulu kuposa 0,5 mpa-1, ndipo amatha kufikira 45 MPA-1. Index yophatikiza ndi pafupifupi 0.35-0.75. Nthawi zambiri zigawo zofewa, zigawo zofewa zimakhala dothi lophatikizidwa kapena dothi lopitilira pang'ono, koma nthaka inayake, posachedwa idayiyika nthaka, ikhoza kukhala ya dothi lopanda pansi. Zogwirizana zazing'ono kwambiri ndi gawo lina lofunika kwambiri la dongo lofewa, lomwe limakhala pakati pa 10-5-10-8 masentimita. Ngati kukonzekera kwa kufooka ndikochepa, kuchuluka kophatikiza ndi kocheperako, kupsinjika koyenera kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo bata limakhala pang'onopang'ono, ndipo maziko olimba amawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Khalidwe ili ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limaletsa kwambiri njira yochizira ndi chithandizo. . Ndikosavuta kusokoneza komanso kusagwirizana pambuyo potsitsa; Kuchulukana kwa kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu ndipo nthawi yokhazikika imakhala yayitali; Ili ndi mawonekedwe a otsika, thixotropy ndi rhelogy. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito maziko amakalata zimaphatikizapo njira zoyambira, njira yosinthira, njira yosakanikirana, etc.
2. Chiwitso chomvetsa chisoni chophatikizira kwambiri chimawoneka m'malo ena akale okhala ndi mafakitale ndi migodi. Ndi dothi la zinyalala lomwe limasiyidwa kapena kuthiridwa ndi moyo wa anthu ndi zinthu zina. Dothi la zinyalalazi nthawi zambiri limagawika m'magulu atatu: dothi lomanga zinyalala, dothi la zinyalala zapakhomo ndi dothi lopanga zinyalala. Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya dothi la zinyalala ndi dothi la zinyalala nthawi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zovuta kufotokoza zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mphamvu zogwirizana, kuphatikiza zizindikiro ndi zisonyezo. Makhalidwe akuluakulu adzaza zomveka bwino, kapangidwe kake, kosiyanasiyana, makulidwe osiyanasiyana komanso osauka. Chifukwa chake, tsamba lomwelo limawonetsa kusamvana koonekerako pakupangana ndi mphamvu, zomwe ndizosavuta kuchititsa kuti zisakhale bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafunikira chithandizo chamaziko.
3. Dzazani dothi lodzaza dothi lakuti dothi lodzaza ndi kudzaza hydraulic. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa chitukuko cham'mphepete mwa chitukuko cham'mphepete ndi kusefukira kwamadzi. Damu lakugwa lamadzi (lotchedwanso madamu) lomwe limawoneka m'chigawo chakumadzulo ndi damu lomangidwa ndi kudzaza dothi. Maziko opangidwa ndi kudzaze dothi amatha kuwonedwa ngati mtundu wa maziko achilengedwe. Katundu wake waukadaulo makamaka zimatengera zomwe zadzaza. Dzazani maziko a dothi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsatirawa. . Pafupi ndi matope, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timasungidwa choyamba. Kutali ndi matope, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala kokhazikika. Nthawi yomweyo, pali stration yodziwikiratu mozama. . Kudzazidwa kwayimitsidwa, nkhope imayamba kusokonekera pambuyo potuluka zachilengedwe, ndipo madziwo amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Komabe, nthaka yodzaza ndi yomwe idakali mu maluwa pomwe kupatsirana mitu ndi yosauka. Omaliza adzaza dothi dothi, zoonekeratu izi. . Izi ndichifukwa choti kudzazidwa ndi boma lozunzidwa. Maziko a Backfill amafika pang'onopang'ono malo ophatikizira monga nthawi yokhazikika imakulira. Katundu wake wamagazi umadalira tinthu tating'onoting'ono, yunifolongitsidwe, ngalande zophatikizana zikhalidwe ndi nthawi yokhazikika itatha.
4. Mafuta otayika amchenga kapena mchenga wabwino nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pansi pa katundu wokhazikika. Komabe, pamene kugwedezeka kwa chivomerezi (chivomerezi, makina okwanira, malo otayira dothi akhoza kukhala ndi madzi ambiri kapena amachepetsa mphamvu zambiri, kapena ngakhale atataya mphamvu. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthaka imapangidwa mosavuta komanso malo omwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timasokonekera pansi pa mphamvu yakunja kuti ikwaniritse zovuta zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanikizika kwambiri kumatsika mwachangu. Cholinga chochizira maziko awa ndikupangitsa kukhala complect ndikuchotsa kuthekera kwa liquefaction pansi pa katundu wamphamvu. Njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo njira zowonjezera, njira ya vibroflotation, etc.
5. Dothi lina lodzaza ndi loyera limakhala likuwonongeka. Loess adagawidwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dziko langa, kumpoto chakumadzulo China, Central China ndi madera aku East China ali kuwonongeka kwambiri. . Mukamagwira ntchito yomangamanga padera loyambitsa, ndikofunikira kuganizira zovulaza zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha malo owonjezera omwe amayambitsidwa ndi maziko, ndikuchotsa kuwonongeka kwa maziko.
6. Dothi wokulirapo gawo la mchere wowonjezera makamaka monmorillonite, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yamphamvu. Imakula m'mawuwo akamayamwa madzi ndikumakhala m'madzi akataya madzi. Kukula kwake ndi kuphatikizika kwa kulumikizana kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo kumatha kuwononga nyumba. Nthaka yowonjezera imagawidwa kwambiri m'dziko langa, monga Gungxi, Henan, Hubei, Shuai, Shamai, Jhungsu ndi malo ena, ndi magawo ena. Dothi lochulukirapo ndi mtundu wapadera wa nthaka. Njira zodziwika bwino zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo kusinthidwa kwa nthaka, kusintha kwa nthaka, kasanatali, kupewa njira zotchingira mu chinyezi cha dothi.
7. Nthaka yamoyo ndi nthaka ya peat pomwe dothi lili ndi zinthu zosiyana, dothi losiyanasiyana lopangidwa. Pamene organic chivutirapo amapitilira zinthu zina, nthaka ya peat idzapangidwa. Imakhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana waukadaulo. Wokwera bwino kwambiri nkhaniyo, zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dothi, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu mphamvu zochepa komanso kusiyanasiyana. Imakhalanso ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zida zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta pazachipangitso chazachitetezo chainjiniya kapena maziko a maziko.
8. Maziko a Pririve Dow Mindapo ya dothi la mapiri ndi yovuta, makamaka kuwonekera mu zosagwirizana ndi maziko ndi kukhazikika kwa tsambalo. Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chachilengedwe ndi mapangidwe a dothi, pakhoza kukhala zopinga zazikulu pamalopo, ndipo malowo atha kukhala nawonso malo opangira mitsinje, matope, ndi malo otsetsereka. Adzaopseza chiopsezo kapena chingasokoneze nyumba. Mukamamanga nyumba pazitseko za mapiri, muyenera kulipidwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, ndipo maziko amayenera kuthandizidwa pakafunika.
9. KArst M'madera achi Krsar, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapanga kapena apadziko lapansi, maofesi a Karst, a Karstlet, zokhumudwitsa, etc. Amapangidwa ndi madzi apansi panthaka. Amakhudza kwambiri zomanga ndipo amakonda kusokonekera kosagwirizana, kugwa ndikuwonongeka kwa maziko. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chofunikira kuyenera kuchitika musanapange zomangamanga.
Post Nthawi: Jun-17-2024