한국어
中文Ibibazo bisanzwe byubaka
Kubera umuvuduko wihuse wubwubatsi, ugereranije nubwiza buhamye ningaruka nke mubintu byikirere, urufatiro rwarambiwe namazi rwibirungo rwarakiriwe neza. Inzira y'ibanze yo kubaka ibirungo birambiranye: Imiterere yubwubatsi, irashira imvururu, yo gucukura umwobo, ikuraho imyanda yo hasi, ihindagurika rya stoel yo hasi, gutaka kwamazi ya stoel, avuza amazi, ikirundo. Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwimpamvu bireba ubuziranenge bwamazi asuka, ihuza ryubwubatsi akenshi rihita rihinduka ingingo igoye mubuziranenge bwurufatiro rwumuzingo.
Ibibazo bisanzwe mubwubatsi buturuka burimo amazi birimo: umwuka mwinshi n'amazi yatemba muri catheter, kandi biranyerera. Beto, ibyondo cyangwa capsule ikora imiterere yinyuma ifite intangarugero zireremba, zitera ikirundo kigenda zica, zigira ingaruka kumiterere ya beto kandi bigatera ikirundo; Uburebure bw'umuyoboro washyinguwe muri beto ari mwinshi, bwongera amakimbirane akinga kandi bituma bidashoboka gukurura ibyakozwe mu rwego rwo kwiyongera mu gihe no kwangirika; Igikorwa no gusinzira bifatika hamwe nimicando mike nibindi bintu bishobora gutera umuyoboro ugomba guhagarikwa, bikavamo imirongo imenetse. Iyo twongeye gusuka, gutandukana kw'akazi ntabwo bikemurwa mugihe, kandi Interlaing ireremba izagaragara muri beto, itera gusenyuka; Bitewe no kwiyongera mu gihe cyo gutegereza beto, amazi ya beto imbere mu muyoboro aragenda nabi, kugira ngo ibintu bivanze bidashobora gusukwa ubusanzwe; Casing na Fondasiyo ntabwo ari nziza, izatera amazi murukuta rwa cise, bigatuma habaho uburebure bwo kurohama kandi ikirundo ntigishobora kwizerwa; Bitewe n'impamvu zifatika hamwe no gucukura nabi, birashoboka gutuma urukuta rwo hasi rwo gusenyuka; Kubera ikosa ryibizamini byanyuma cyangwa umwobo ukomeye usenyuka mugihe cyimikorere, imvura ikurikiranye munsi yubwiza bwibyuma ni umubyimba cyane, cyangwa uburebure bwo gusuka ntabwo buriho, bikavamo ikirundo kirekire; Kubera uburangare bw'amashanyarazi cyangwa imikorere itari yo, umuyoboro wa Acoustic umenya udasanzwe, bikavamo kumenya ultrasonic gutahura ikirundo ntigishobora gukorwa bisanzwe.
"Kuvanga ikigereranyo cya beto bigomba kuba ukuri
1. Guhitamo sima
Mubihe bisanzwe. Ibyinshi muri cement ikoreshwa mubwubatsi rusange ni sima isanzwe kandi iseswa. Mubisanzwe, igenamigambi ryambere ridakwiye kuba ryambere amasaha abiri nigice, kandi imbaraga zayo zigomba kuba hejuru dogere 42.5. Cement ikoreshwa mubwubatsi igomba gutsinda ikizamini cyumutungo wumubiri muri laboratoire kugirango yuzuze ibisabwa nubwubatsi nyabwo, kandi umubare nyawo wa sima, kandi ugomba gukoreshwa cyane hakurikijwe ibipimo bya Cubic, kandi bigomba gukoreshwa cyane ukurikije ibipimo byagenwe.
2. Guhitamo
Hano hari amahitamo abiri afatika yo gukusanya. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa comgretret, imwe ni amabuye ya mabuye undi ajanjaguwe. Muburyo nyabwo bwubaka, amabuye ya mabuye agomba kuba amahitamo yambere. Ingano nyayo ya Active ikwiye kuba hagati ya 0.1667 na 0.125 yumuyoboro, kandi intera ntoya iri hagati yicyuma igomba kuba 0.25, hamwe nubunini bwimiterere bigomba kwemezwa kuba muri Mm 40. Ikigereranyo cyo mu cyiciro nyacyo cyo gukusanya gukusanya kigomba kwemeza ko beto ifite akamaro nziza, kandi igiteranyo cyiza ni cyiza cyamabuye yo hagati na kaburimbo. Ibishoboka byose byibiri mu mucanga muri beto bigomba kuba hagati ya 27/20 na 1/2. Ikigereranyo cy'amazi kugeza ku ivu bigomba kuba hagati ya 1/2 na 3/5.
3. Kunoza ibikorwa
Kugirango wongere ibikorwa bya beto, ntukongereho ibindi bikoresho kuri beto. Igikoresho gifatika gikoreshwa mubwubatsi burimo amazi akubiyemo amazi, kurekura buhoro no kurekura no gushimangira amapfa. Niba ushaka kongeramo ibidukikije kuri beto, ugomba gukora ubushakashatsi kugirango umenye ubwoko, umubare nuburyo bwo kongeramo.
Muri make, invie ivanga igipimo gikwiye gusuka mumazi. Ivanga ryimibare igomba kuba ikwiye kugirango ibe ikolayine ihagije kandi ihungane ihagije, amazi meza mumuyoboro mugihe cyo gusuka kandi ntabwo akunda gutandukanya. Muri rusange, igihe imbaraga zo mumazi ari ndende, kuramba kwa beto nabyo bizaba byiza. Kubera imbaraga za sima rero, ireme ryiza rikwiye kugengwa no gusuzuma urwego rwa beto, igipimo cyinyongera kidasanzwe cya sima namazi, nibindi kandi menya neza ko urwego rwa beto rugomba kuba hejuru imbaraga zateguwe zigomba kuba hejuru. Igihe cyo kuvanga kigomba kuba gikwiye kandi kuvanga bigomba kuba kimwe. Niba kuvanga bitaringaniye cyangwa bireba amazi bibaho mugihe cyo kuvanga bifatika no gutwara abantu, amazi ato arakennye kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa.
"Ibisabwa byambere bisuka
Ubwinshi bwatsinzwe bwa beto bugomba kwemeza ko ubujyakuzimu bwumuyoboro washyinguwe muri beto nyuma yurwego rwamagambo atari munsi yumuyoboro nubwinshi hanze yumuyoboro uringaniye. Ubwinshi bwambere bwa beto bugomba kugenwa no kubara ukurikije formula ikurikira.
V = π / 4 (d 2h1 + kd 2h2)
Aho v nigisasu cyambere gituruka, m3;
H1 nuburebure busabwa kubwinkingi ya beto mumikorere yo kuringaniza igitutu nicyondo hanze yumuyoboro:
h1 = (h-H2) γw / γc, m;
h ni ubujyakuzimu, m;
H2 nuburebure bwubuso bwa beto hanze yumuyoboro nyuma yo gusuka kwambere, ari 1.3 ~ 1.8m;
γW nicyo cyimyororokere, ni 11 ~ 12kn / m3;
Ubucucike bwa beto, ni 23 ~ 24Kn / m3;
d ni diameter yimbere yumuyoboro, m;
D ni umwobo wa dile, m;
k nigikorwa cyuzuyemo ibintu, ni k = 1.1 ~ 1.3.
Ingano ya mbere isuka ni ingenzi cyane kurwego rwabakinnyi-ikirundo. Ijwi ryambere ryuganwa ntirishobora gusa kubaka gusa, ahubwo rinareba neza ko ubujyakuzimu bwa pie yashyinguwe buhuye nibisabwa nyuma yumuyoboro wuzuye. Muri icyo gihe, gusuka bwa mbere birashobora kunoza neza ubushobozi bwo kwitwaje urufatiro rwikirundo mugukubita imyanda hepfo yuwo mumwobo, bityo igisumbantego cya mbere gisabwa.
"Gusuka umuvuduko
Ubwa mbere, suzuma uburyo bwo guhindura imizi yikirundo cyo gutoranya umubiri utanga umusaruro wubutaka. Ikirundo-ubutaka bwangiza ibirundo bitangira gushinga igihe beto yumubiri yikirundo yasutswe. Beto ya mbere yasutswe buhoro buhoro iba menshi, ihagaritswe, kandi igatura munsi yigitutu cya beto nyuma yo gusukwa. Uku kwimurwa ugereranije nubutaka bugengwa no kurwanya hejuru yubutaka bukikije, kandi uburemere bwumubiri wimurirwa buhoro buhoro murwego rwubutaka binyuze muri uku kurwanya. Kuri ibirundo hamwe no gusuka vuba, mugihe beto yose yasutswe, nubwo beto itaragira uruhare mubwitonzi, irakomeje gukorwa kandi ikomeza gukorwa mugihe cyo gusuka no kwinjira mubutaka buzengurutse. Muri iki gihe, beto itandukanye n'amazi asanzwe, no kubeshya ubutaka no kurwanya kogosha kwayo byatewe no kurwanya; Mugihe kurirundo hamwe no gusuka buhoro, kubera ko beto yegereye igenamiterere ryambere, irwanya iri hagati yacyo nubutaka bizaba byinshi.
Umubare wo gusohoza ibirundo birambiranye byimuriwe kumwanya wubutaka buzengurutse bufitanye isano itaziguye numuvuduko usuka. Umuvuduko wo gusuka, muto ugereranije uburemere bwimuriwe mu kirundo; Umuvuduko uhinda umuvuduko usuka, munini ugereranije uburemere bwimuriwe mubutaka bukikije ikirundo. Kubwibyo, kongera umuvuduko mwinshi ntabwo bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga uburemere bwa beto bw'urumuri, ariko kandi butuma uburemere bwo kurwanya ibirundo, ariko bikabemerera uburemere bwo kurwanya ibirundo, ariko bituma uburemere bwo kurwanya ibirundo, ariko bikabemerera uburemere bwo kurwanya ibirundo, ariko bituma uburemere bwo kurwanya ibirundo, ariko bituma uburemere bwo kurwanya ibirundo, kandi bikabemerera uburemere bwo kurwanya ibirundo, kandi bikaba bidakoreshwa mu kirundo, mu buryo bukaba bugira uruhare runini mu gihe cyo kuzamura imihangayiko y'ikirundo no kunoza Ingaruka.
Imyitozo yagaragaje ko byihuse kandi byoroshye imirimo yo guhumeka yikirundo, icyiza cyikirundo; Ibindi, ni ngombwa cyane impanuka zizabaho, ni ngombwa rero kugera ku isuka yihuta kandi ikomeza.
Igihe cyo gusuka kuri buri kirundo kigenzurwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwa mbere bwigihe cya beto yambere, kandi umudasiba ashobora kongerwaho muburyo bukwiye nibiba ngombwa.
"Kugenzura ubujyakuzimu bwashyinguwe
Mugihe cyo gusuka amazi meza, niba ubujyakuzimu bwumuyoboro washyinguwe muri beto aringaniye, beto izengurutse cyane, ifite ubucucike, kandi ubuso bwayo buzaba igorofa; Ibinyuranye nibyo, niba beto ikwirakwira, ahantu hahanamye cyane, biroroshye gutatana no gutandukanya ireme, niko umuyoboro wumvikana ugomba kugenzurwa kugirango umurambo wurubuga.
Ubujyakuzimu bwashyinguwe bwumuyoboro ni munini cyane cyangwa buto cyane, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yikirundo. Iyo ubujyakuzimu bwashyinguwe ari buto cyane, beto izurika byoroshye ubuso bwa beto mu mwobo no kuzunguruka mu buryo bwimyanda, bitera ibirundo cyangwa bikanatera ibirundo. Biroroshye kandi gukurura umuyoboro mubice bifatika mugihe cyo gukora; Iyo ubujyakuzimu bwashyinguwe ari bunini cyane, ibyuma bifatika ni binini cyane, kandi beto ntishobora gusunika hejuru, ariko igasunika hejuru y'urukuta rwo hanze rw'umuyoboro ugana hejuru hanyuma ukimuka ku mpande enye. Iyi eddy iriyororoka kandi kuzunguza imyanda ikikije umubiri, ikora uruziga rwa beto yo hasi, bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga z'umubiri. Byongeye kandi, igihe ubujyakuzimu bwashyinguwe ari kinini, beto yo hejuru ntabwo yimuka igihe kirekire, igihombo cyo kunyerera ni kinini, kandi biroroshye gutera impanuka zamanutse ziterwa no guhagarika umutima. Kubwibyo, ubujyakuzimu bwumuyoboro washyinguwe muri rusange bugenzurwa muri metero 2 kugeza kuri 6, no kuri diles nini nibirundo birebire, birashobora kugenzurwa mugihe cya metero 3 kugeza 8. Inzira yo gusuka igomba kuzamurwa kenshi no kuvaho, kandi ubutumburuke bwa beto mu mwobo igomba gupimwa neza mbere yo gukuraho umuyoboro.
"Kugenzura igihe cyo gusukura
Umwobo umaze kurangira, inzira ikurikira igomba gukorwa mugihe. Nyuma yo gukora isuku ya kabiri iremerewe, gusuka beto bigomba gukorwa vuba bishoboka, kandi igihe cyo guhagarara ntigikwiye kuba kirekire. Niba igihe cyo guhagarara ari kirekire cyane, ibice bikomeye mubyo byoroheje bizakurikiza urukuta rwimwongo kugirango rukore uruhu rwibyondo bikabije kubera uburuhukiro bwubutaka bwamwobo. Uruhu rwo mubyondo ni ruswa hagati ya beto nubutaka mugihe cyubutaka mugihe cyo gusuka ibintu bifatika, bifite ingaruka zo gusiga kandi bigabanya ubukana hagati ya beto nubutaka. Byongeye kandi, niba urukuta rwubutaka rwarumiwe mubyondo mugihe kirekire, imitungo imwe yubutaka izahinduka. Bamwe mu baturage bo mu butaka barashobora kubyimba n'imbaraga bizagabanuka, bizagira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kwitwarika. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo kubaka, ibisabwa nibisobanuro bigomba gukurikizwa neza, kandi igihe cyo kuva umwobo ugana umwobo ujya mu isuka kito bigomba kugabanywa bishoboka. Umwobo umaze gusukura kandi wujuje ibyangombwa, beto igomba gusukwa vuba bishoboka muminota 30.
"Igenzura ireme rya beto hejuru yikirundo
Kubera ko umutwaro wo hejuru watambuwe hejuru yikirundo, imbaraga za beto hejuru yikirundo zigomba kuba zisabwa ibisabwa. Iyo usuka hafi yubure hejuru yikirundo, amafaranga yanyuma asuka agomba kugabanywa kugirango agabanwe neza hejuru yikirundo kirimo hejuru yikirundo cyakuweho, n'imbaraga za beto Hejuru yikirundo kigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa. The over-pouring height of large-diameter and extra-long piles should be considered comprehensively based on the pile length and pile diameter, and should be larger than that of general cast-in-place piles, because large-diameter and extra-long piles take a long time to pour, and the sediment and floating slurry accumulate thickly, which prevents the measuring rope from being difficult to accurately judge the surface of thick mud or bitera bifatika kandi bigatera nabi. Mugihe ukurura igice cyanyuma cyumuvuduko wayobora, umuvuduko wo gukurura ukwiye gutinda gukumira ibyondo byijimye kuruhande rwikirundo kuva kubyuka no gukora "yindogobe".
Mugihe cyo guhumeka amazi, hari amahuza menshi akwiye kwitabwaho kugirango abone ireme ryibirundo. Mu mwobo wa kabiri wogusukura, ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibyondo bigomba kugenzurwa. Ubucucike bw'icyondo bugomba kuba hagati ya 1.15 na 1.25 ukurikije ibice bitandukanye byubutaka, ibirimo umucanga bigomba kuba ≤8%, kandi viscometity igomba kuba ≤28s; Ubunini bw'igice munsi y'umwobo bigomba gupimwa neza mbere yo gusuka, no gushyirwaho birashobora gukorwa gusa iyo byujuje ibisabwa. Ihuza ry'umuyoboro rigomba kuba rigororotse kandi rifunze, n'umuyoboro ugomba kuba igitutu cyageragejwe mbere na nyuma yo gukoreshwa mu gihe runaka. Umuvuduko ukoreshwa mu kizamini cy'umuvuduko ushingiye ku gitsina ntarengwa gishobora kubaho mugihe cyo kubaka, kandi kurwanya igitutu bigomba kugera kuri 0.6-0.9mpa; Mbere yo gusuka, kugirango habeho guhagarika amazi gusohora neza, intera iri hagati yumuyoboro nu mwobo ugomba kugenzurwa kuri 0. 3 ~ 0,5m. Kuri pifi hamwe na diameter isanzwe iri munsi ya 600, intera iri hagati yumuyoboro kandi hepfo yumwobo irashobora kwiyongera neza; Mbere yo gusuka beto, 0.1 ~ 0.2m3 ya 1: 1.5 sima ya centri igomba gusukwa muri gari ya mbere, hanyuma beto igomba gusukwa.
Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo gusuka, mugihe bifatika mumiyoboro ntabwo yuzuye kandi yinjira mu kirere, beto yakurikiyeho igomba guterwa buhoro muri fute. Beto ntigomba gusukwa mumuyoboro uva hejuru kugirango wirinde gushinga umufuka windege wikirere, ukandagiza udukingirizo hagati yicyicaro gitemba kandi gitera umuyoboro wo kumeneka. Mugihe cyo gusuka, umuntu witanze agomba gupima uburebure bwa kuzamuka ahantu nyaburanga mu mwobo, yuzuza amateka asuka, kandi wandike amakosa yose mugihe cyo gusuka.
"Ibibazo bisanzwe n'ibisubizo
1. Ibyondo n'amazi mumurimo
Ibyondo n'amazi mumuyoboro ukoreshwa mugusuka amazi y'amazi nacyo nikibazo rusange cyubaka mukubaka ibirundo. Ikintu nyamukuru ni uko igihe yasukaga ibintu bito, byo guswera bifatanije n'umuyoboro, beto yanduye, imbaraga zirashira, kandi interlayer ikorwa, itera kumeneka. Biterwa ahanini nimpamvu zikurikira.
1) Ikigega cyicyiciro cya mbere cya beto ntigihagije, cyangwa nubwo ububiko bwa beto buhagije, intera iri hagati yumuyoboro nubwinshi budashobora gushyingurwa nyuma yimvura, kugirango ibyondo bishoboke nyuma.
2) Ubujyakuzimu bwumuyoboro winjijwe muri beto ntabwo bihagije, kugirango icyondo kivangwa mumuyoboro.
3) Umuyoboro uhuriweho ntabwo uhagaze, reberi padi hagati yingingo irakinguye numuyoboro mwinshi wumuyoboro, cyangwa urusaku rwacitse, kandi amazi atontoma cyangwa isumba. Umuyoboro ukururwa cyane, kandi ibyondo bikanyurwa mumuyoboro.
Kugirango wirinde ibyondo n'amazi binjiza umuyoboro, ingamba zijyanye nazo zigomba gushyirwa imbere kugirango ubibuze. Ingamba nyamukuru zo gukumira ni izi zikurikira.
1) Umubare w'icyiciro cya mbere cya beto kigomba kugenwa no kubara, kandi ingano ihagije n'imbaraga zisigaye zigomba gukomeza gusohora ibyondo.
2) Umunwa ugomba kubikwa kure ya mm itari iri munsi ya 300 kugeza 500 mm uhereye hepfo ya groove.
3) Ubujyakuzimu bwumuyoboro winjijwe muri beto bigomba kubikwa bitarenze m 2.0.
4) Witondere kugenzura umuvuduko usuka mugihe usuka, kandi akenshi ukoresha inyundo (isaha) kugirango upime endorete izamuka. Dukurikije uburebure bwapimwe, menya umuvuduko n'uburebure bwo gukurura umuyoboro uyobora.
Niba amazi (ibyondo) yinjira mu muyoboro uyobora mugihe cyo kubaka, icyateye impanuka igomba guhita iboneka hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura bugomba kwemezwa.
1) Niba biterwa nimpamvu zambere cyangwa ya kabiri zavuzwe haruguru, niba ubujyakuzimu bwa beto munsi yumuyoboro uri munsi ya metero 0.5, guhagarika amazi birashobora kongera gushyirwaho beto. Bitabaye ibyo, umuyoboro uyobora ugomba gukururwa, fone iri munsi y'umwobo igomba guhanwa n'imashini yakuweho, kandi beto igomba kongera gusukwa; Cyangwa umuyoboro wayobora ufite igifuniko cyimukanwa kigomba kwinjizwa muri beto kandi beto bigomba kongera gusukwa.
2) Niba biterwa nimpamvu ya gatatu, umuyoboro uyobora uyobora ugomba gukururwa no kongera kwinjizwa muri a beto nka mugitondo, hanyuma amazi ayobora askurwe, hanyuma amazi akwiye kongerwa no kongera gusuka beto. Kuri beto yongeye gusuka, dosiye ya sima igomba kwiyongera mu masahani abiri yambere. Nyuma ya beto isutswe mumiyoboro iyobora, umuyoboro uyobora ugomba guterura gato, kandi guhinduranya hasi bigomba guhagarikwa no gusohokana kwa beto nshya, hanyuma gukomera bigomba gukomeza.
2. Guhagarika Umuyoboro
Mugihe cyo gusuka, niba beto adashobora kumanuka kumuyoboro, yitwa umuyoboro. Hariho ibibazo bibiri byo guhagarika imiyoboro.
1) Iyo beto itangiye gusukwa, guhagarika amazi yakomereje kumuyoboro, bigatera guhagarika by'agateganyo. Impamvu ni: Guhagarika amazi (umupira) ntabwo byakozwe kandi bitunganijwe mubunini busanzwe, ubunini butandukanye ni bunini, kandi bugumye mumuyoboro kandi ntibushobora guhindurwa; Mbere yumuyoboro umanurwa, ibisigisigi bisenyutse kurukuta rwimbere ntirusukura burundu; Gutongana kwa beto ni binini cyane, ibikorwa birakennye, kandi umucanga unyurwa hagati yo guhagarika amazi (umupira) n'umuyoboro, kugirango ibiyobyabwenge, ku buryo guhagarara amazi adashobora kumanuka.
2) Umuyoboro wa beto uhagarikwa na beto, beto ntishobora kumanuka, kandi biragoye kugandukira. Impamvu ni: Intera iri hagati yumunwa hanyuma hepfo yumwobo ni nto cyane cyangwa yinjijwe mu buryo bwinjijwe mu mwobo, bikagorana ko bimaze kunyurwa bivuye munsi yumuyoboro; Ingaruka zimanuka ntizihagije cyangwa ibintu bito ni bito cyane, ingano yamabuye ni nini cyane, igipimo cyumucanga ni gito cyane, amazi aragoye kugwa; Intera iri hagati yo gusuka no kugaburira ni ndende cyane, beto iba cyane, amazi aragabanuka, cyangwa yarakomeye.
Kugirango ibintu bibiri byavuzwe haruguru, gusesengura ibitera ibitera kubaho kandi bifata ingamba nziza zo gukunga, nko gutunganya amazi bigomba kubarwa, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa mbere, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa mbere, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa mbere, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa, intera iringaniza igomba kubarwa mbere, hamwe nigihe cyo guterana kwambere kigomba kubarwa neza.
Niba umuyoboro uhagarara, usesengure icyateye ikibazo hanyuma umenye ubwoko bwumuyoboro uhagarike. Uburyo bubiri bukurikira burashobora gukoreshwa mugukemura ubwoko bwumuyoboro: Niba aribwo buryo bwa mbere bwavuzwe haruguru, birashobora gukemurwa na tampping (guhagarika hejuru), birababaje, no gusebanya (hagati no hepfo (hagati no guhagarara (hagati no hepfo (hagati no hepfo yahagaritswe). Niba ari ubwoko bwa kabiri, utubari turerire turashobora gusudira impfizi ya beto mumuyoboro kugirango tugabanye beto. Kubikoresho byoroheje, crane irashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho umugozi no gushiraho umunyego wometse kumunwa kugirango ugabanuke. Niba bidashobora kugwa, umuyoboro ugomba guhita ukururwa no gucikanyirizwe hamwe nigice cyigice, kandi beto mumuyoboro bigomba gusukurwa. Imirimo isuka igomba kongera gukorwa ukurikije uburyo buterwa nimpamvu ya gatatu yamazi yambaye umuyoboro.
3. Umuyoboro washyinguwe
Umuyoboro ntushobora gukururwa mugihe cyo gusuka cyangwa umuyoboro ntushobora gukururwa nyuma yo gusuka birangiye. Mubisanzwe bita umuyoboro washyinguwe, akenshi uterwa no gushyingura cyane umuyoboro. Nyamara, igihe cyo gusuka ni kirekire, umuyoboro ntugenda mugihe, cyangwa utubari twibasiye ibyuma ntabwo dusudikara, kandi umuyoboro uratakara kandi usuka, numuyoboro usuka, nimpamvu yo gukora umuyoboro washyinguwe.
Ingamba zo gukumira: Iyo gusuka amazi yato, umuntu udasanzwe agomba gushingwa kugirango apime buri gihe umuyoboro washyinguwe muri beto. Mubisanzwe, bigomba kugenzurwa muri M ~ 6 m. Iyo usuka beto, umuyoboro ugomba guhungabana gato kugirango ubuze umuyoboro wizihiza beto. Igihe cyo gusuka kuri beto kigomba kugabanywa cyane bishoboka. Niba ari ngombwa mugihe, umuyoboro ugomba gukururwa byibuze. Mbere yo kugabanya akazu k'icyuma, reba neza ko gusudira bikaze kandi ntihagomba kubaho gusudira. Iyo akazu k'ibyuma gabonetse kurekura mugihe cyo kugabanya umuyoboro, bigomba gukosorwa no gusudira mugihe runaka.
Niba impanuka ya feri yashyinguwe yabaye, umuyoboro ugomba guhita uvanwa na crane nini. Niba umuyoboro utarashobora gukururwa, hagomba gufatwa kugirango dukure ku gahato umuyoboro, hanyuma tubikemure kimwe n'ikirundo cyacitse. Niba beto itabanje gukomera kandi amazi yagabanutse mugihe umuyoboro ushyinguwe, udukoko twisonze hejuru ya pompe, hanyuma umuyoboro urashobora kongera kumanurwa no kongera guterwa hamwe na beto. Uburyo bwo kuvura mugihe cyo gusuka burasa nimpamvu ya gatatu yamazi mumurimo.
4. Gusuka bidahagije
Gusuka bidahagije nabyo byitwa ikirundo gito. Impamvu ni: Nyuma yo gusuka irangiye, kubera gusenyuka kwumwobo cyangwa uburemere bukabije bwibyondo hejuru, ibisigisigi birambitse. Abakozi b'ubwubatsi ntibapimaga ubuso bwa beto hamwe n'inyundo, ariko bibeshye ko beto yari yasutswe mu ngoro zakozwe n'ikirundo, bikavamo impanuka.
Ingamba zo kwirinda zirimo ibintu bikurikira.
1) Umunwa wo mu mwobo usaba gushyingurwa mu gukurikizwa gukomeye ku bijyanye no gukumira umunwa wogusenya, kandi umunwa usenyuka ibintu bigomba gukemurwa mugihe mugihe cyo gucukura.
2) Ikirundo kirarambiwe, sediment igomba gukurwa mugihe kugirango ikemure neza ko umubyimba wuzuye wujuje ibisabwa.
3) Igenzura cyane uburemere bwindobo bwuruziko cyo gucukura kugirango uburemere bwimyororokere bugenzurwe hagati ya 1.1 na 1.15, hamwe nuburemere bwibyondo mbere ya mm 500 yo munsi yuruziga mbere yuruziga rugomba kuba munsi ya 1.25, uruziga rugizwe na ≤8%.
Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa nibibazo byihariye. Niba nta mazi yo mu butaka, umutwe w'abatozo urashobora gucogore, umutwe w'ikirundo ureremba uhindagurika n'ubutaka birashobora gukemurwa kugira ngo ugaragaze ingingo nshya ya beto, hanyuma ishyirwaho rirashobora gushyigikirwa ku bufatanye bw'umubiri; Niba ari mu mazi y'ubutaka, casing irashobora kwagurwa no gushyingurwa cm 50 munsi yubuso bwumwimerere, kandi pompe yo mucyondo irashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho ibyondo, kuvanaho imyanda, hanyuma usukure imyanda kumutwe wikirundo.
5. Ibirundo byacitse
Benshi muribo ni ibisubizo bya kabiri byatewe nibibazo byavuzwe haruguru. Mubyongeyeho, kubera igihe cyo gukora umwobo utuzuye cyangwa igihe kinini gisuka, icyiciro cya mbere kizagabanuka kandi amazi akomeza kurasa. Kugirango birinde no kugenzura ibirundo byacitse, birakenewe cyane cyane gukora akazi keza mu gukumira no kugenzura ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru. Kubirundo bimenetse byabayeho, bagomba kwigishwa hamwe hamwe nishami ribifitiye ububasha, ishami rishinzwe gushushanya, kugenzura inzego hamwe nubuyobozi bwiza bwishami rishinzwe kubaka kugirango ugaragaze uburyo bufatika kandi bufatika.
Ukurikije uburambe bwashize, uburyo bukurikira burashobora kwemezwa niba ibirundo bivunika bibaye.
1) Nyuma yikirundo kiracika, niba hashobora gusohoka, bigomba gufatwa vuba, hanyuma umwobo ugomba kongera gucukurwa ufite imyitozo. Umwobo umaze gusukura, akazu k'ibyuma bigomba kumanurwa kandi beto igomba kongera gusukwa.
2) Niba ikirundo cyacitse kubera gufunga imiyoboro hamwe nubwishingizi bwasutswe bwarakomeje, bumaze gusukwa, umwanya wo hejuru wa hundutswe ninyundo, hamwe nubunini bwumuyoboro nubwisanzure bubarwa neza. Umuyoboro umanuwe kumwanya cm 10 hejuru yubuso bwa hejuru bwurubuga rwabasutswe kandi uruhago rwongeyeho. Komeza gusuka beto. Iyo bifatika muri funnel byuzuza umuyoboro, kanda umuyoboro munsi yubuso bwabatsinzwe, kandi ikirundo gitose kirarangiye.
3) Niba ikirundo cyacitse kubera gusenyuka cyangwa umuyoboro udashobora gukururwa, gahunda yinyongera yikirundo irashobora gutangwa hamwe na raporo yo gutunganya impanuka nziza, kandi ibirundo birashobora kongerwa impaka zo guhana impanuka.
4) Niba ikirundo kimenetse kibonetse mugihe cyo kugenzura umubiri, ikirundo cyashizweho muri iki gihe, kandi igice kirashobora kugishwa inama yo kwiga uburyo bwo kuvura bwo gukomera. Ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye, nyamuneka reba amakuru yimyanda yemewe ya piri.
Igihe cya nyuma: Jul-11-2024