Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwububiko bwimbitse bwubaka amazi

Ijambo ryibanze: Ikuzimu cyimbitse kitarinda amazi; kugumana imiterere; amazi adafite amazi; ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura amakarita

Mubikorwa byimbitse byumushinga, kubaka neza birinda amazi ningirakamaro kumiterere rusange, kandi bizagira ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwinyubako. Kubwibyo, imishinga itangiza amazi ifite umwanya wingenzi mubikorwa byo kubaka ibyobo byimbitse. Uru rupapuro ruhuza cyane cyane ibikorwa byubatswe byubatswe biranga ibikorwa bya Nanning Metro na Hangzhou Amajyepfo yubaka imishinga yo kwiga no gusesengura ikoranabuhanga ryimbitse ridafite amazi, twizera ko rizatanga agaciro gakomeye kubikorwa nkibi biri imbere.

1. Kugumana imiterere idakoresha amazi

(I) Ibiranga guhagarika amazi biranga ibintu bitandukanye bigumana

Uhagaritse kugumana imiterere ikikije umwobo wimbitse byitwa imiterere igumana. Imiterere igumaho nicyo gisabwa kugirango hacukurwe neza icyobo cyimbitse. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwuburyo bukoreshwa mubyobo byimbitse, kandi uburyo bwubwubatsi, inzira hamwe nimashini zubaka zikoreshwa ziratandukanye. Ingaruka zo guhagarika amazi zagerwaho muburyo butandukanye bwubwubatsi ntabwo arimwe, reba Imbonerahamwe 1 kubisobanuro birambuye

(II) Ingamba zo kwirinda amazi yo kubaka urukuta ruhujwe nubutaka

Kubaka umwobo wa fondasiyo ya Nanhu Sitasiyo ya Nanning Metro ikora urukuta ruhujwe nubutaka. Urukuta ruhujwe nubutaka rufite ingaruka nziza zo kwirinda amazi. Inzira yo kubaka isa niy'ibirundo birambiranye. Ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa

1. Ingingo y'ingenzi yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amazi iri mu kuvura hamwe hagati y'inkuta zombi. Niba ingingo zingenzi zubwubatsi bufatika zishobora gufatwa, ingaruka nziza yo kwirinda amazi izagerwaho.

2. Nyuma yo gushinga ibiti, isura yanyuma ya beto yegeranye igomba gusukurwa no gukaraba hasi. Umubare wogukata urukuta ntugomba kuba munsi yinshuro 20 kugeza igihe nta cyondo kiri kurukuta.

3. Mbere yuko akazu k'icyuma kamanurwa, hashyirwaho umuyoboro muto ku mpera y'icyuma cy'icyuma ugana ku rukuta. Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, ubwiza bwurugingo bugenzurwa cyane kugirango birinde kumeneka gufunga umuyoboro. Mugihe cyo gucukura umwobo wifatizo, niba amazi yamenetse abonetse kurukuta, guswera bikorwa kuva kumuyoboro muto.

(III) Kwibanda kumazi yibikorwa byo kubaka ikirundo

Inzira zimwe zigumana sitasiyo ya Hangzhou yepfo zifata uburyo bwo kurambirwa kurambirwa-ahantu-ikirundo + cyumuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzenguruka indege. Kugenzura ubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bwumuvuduko ukabije windege ikirundo cyamazi yo guhagarika mugihe cyubwubatsi nicyo kintu cyingenzi cyo kwirinda amazi. Mugihe cyo kubaka umwenda uhagarika amazi, umwanya wikirundo, ubwiza bwumuvuduko nigitutu cyo gutera inshinge bigomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango harebwe niba umukandara ufunze utarinze gukingirwa hafi yikirundo cyahantu hashyizweho kugirango bigerweho neza.

2. Kugenzura gucukura umwobo

Mugihe cyo gucukura umwobo wifatizo, imiterere igumana irashobora gutemba kubera gufata nabi imiterere yububiko. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda impanuka ziterwa no kumeneka kw'amazi yubatswe, hagomba kuvugwa ingingo zikurikira mugihe cyo gucukura umwobo:

1. Mugihe cyo gucukura, birabujijwe rwose gucukura buhumyi. Witondere cyane impinduka zurwego rwamazi hanze yumwobo wifatizo hamwe nubutaka bwimiterere. Niba amazi atemba abaye mugihe cyo gucukura, umwanya wo gushing ugomba gusubizwa mugihe kugirango wirinde kwaguka no guhungabana. Ubucukuzi bushobora gukomeza gusa nyuma yuburyo bukurikizwa. 2. Amazi mato mato agomba gukoreshwa mugihe gikwiye. Sukura hejuru ya beto, koresha imbaraga-zihuse-gushiraho sima kugirango ushireho urukuta, kandi ukoreshe umuyoboro muto kugirango ucyure kugirango ahantu hatemba hataguka. Nyuma yo gufunga sima imaze kugera kumbaraga, koresha imashini isunika hamwe nigitutu cyo gufunga kugirango ufunge umuyoboro muto.

3. Kurinda amazi imiterere nyamukuru

Kudakoresha amazi yimiterere yingenzi nigice cyingenzi cyibanze byimbitse. Mugenzura ibice bikurikira, imiterere nyamukuru irashobora kugera kubintu byiza byo kwirinda amazi.

(I) Kugenzura neza

Ubwiza bwa beto nicyo cyambere kugirango harebwe uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi. Guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo hamwe nuwashushanyije kuvanga igipimo cyemeza ko ibintu byujuje ubuziranenge.

Igiteranyo cyinjira kurubuga kigomba kugenzurwa no kwemerwa hakurikijwe "Ibipimo byuburyo bwiza nubugenzuzi bwumucanga namabuye ya beto isanzwe" kubirimo ibyondo, ibyondo byo guhagarika ibyondo, ibintu bimeze nkurushinge, gutondekanya ibice, nibindi. ibirimo umucanga biri hasi cyane bishoboka hashingiwe ku guhura nimbaraga nakazi, kuburyo habaho igiteranyo gihagije muri beto. Ikigereranyo cyibintu bivanze bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byubatswe byubaka, biramba mubihe bitandukanye, kandi bigatuma imvange ya beto ifite ibikorwa byakazi nkibishobora kugenda bihuye nuburyo bwubaka. Uruvange rwa beto rugomba kuba rumwe, rworoshye guhuza no kurwanya amacakubiri, arirwo rwego rwo kuzamura ubwiza bwa beto. Kubwibyo, imikorere ya beto igomba kuba yuzuye neza.

(II) Igenzura ryubwubatsi

1. Kuvura neza. Ihuriro ryubwubatsi rikorwa ihuriro rya beto nshya kandi ishaje. Ubuvuzi bubi bwongera neza aho bihurira na beto nshya kandi ishaje, ntabwo iteza imbere gusa beto, ahubwo ifasha urukuta kurwanya kunama no gukata. Mbere yo gusuka beto, isuku isukuye hanyuma igashyirwa hamwe na sima ishingiye kuri anti-seepage kristaline. Ibikoresho bya sima birwanya anti-seepage kristaline irashobora guhuza neza itandukaniro riri hagati ya beto kandi ikabuza amazi yo hanze gutera.

2. Gushiraho icyuma cyamazi. Isahani yicyuma cyamazi igomba gushyingurwa hagati yububiko bwa beto yasutswe, kandi kugoramye kumpande zombi bigomba guhangana nubuso bwamazi. Isahani yicyuma cyamazi yububiko bwubatswe bwurukuta rwinyuma nyuma yo gukandagira bigomba gushyirwa hagati yurukuta rwimbere rwimbere, kandi igahagarikwa kandi buri cyapa cyamazi gitambitse kigomba gusudwa cyane. Nyuma yo gutambuka hejuru ya horizontal ya plaque ya plaque ya horizontal hamenyekanye, hagomba gushushanywa umurongo kumpera yo hejuru yicyuma cyamazi ukurikije icyerekezo cyo hejuru cyinyubako kugirango impera yacyo igororotse.

Isahani yicyuma igenwa nicyuma cyo gusudira ibyuma, naho ibyuma bya oblique ibyuma bisudira kumurongo wo hejuru kugirango bikosorwe. Utubari duto twibyuma dusudira munsi yicyuma cyamazi kugirango dushyigikire icyuma. Uburebure bugomba gushingira ku bunini bwububiko bwa beto ya plaque ya beto kandi ntibigomba kuba birebire cyane kugirango hirindwe imiyoboro y’amazi yinjira mu tubari tugufi. Ibyuma bigufi by'ibyuma muri rusange bitandukanijwe bitarenze 200mm bitandukanye, hamwe kimwe cyashyizwe ibumoso n'iburyo. Niba intera ari nto cyane, ikiguzi nubunini bwubwubatsi biziyongera. Niba intera ari nini cyane, icyuma cyamazi cyamazi cyoroshye cyunamye kandi cyoroshye guhinduka kubera kunyeganyega mugihe usuka beto.

Guhuza icyuma cya plaque irasudwa, kandi uburebure bwibibero byibyuma byombi ntiburi munsi ya 50mm. Impera zombi zigomba gusudira byuzuye, kandi uburebure bwo gusudira ntabwo buri munsi yubunini bwicyuma. Mbere yo gusudira, gusudira kugeragezwa bigomba gukorwa kugirango uhindure ibipimo bigezweho. Niba ikigezweho ari kinini, biroroshye gutwika cyangwa no gutwika ukoresheje icyuma. Niba ikigezweho ari gito cyane, biragoye gutangira arc kandi gusudira ntabwo bikomeye.

3. Gushiraho imirongo yaguye y'amazi yaguye. Mbere yo gushyiramo umurongo wamazi wabyimbye, siba umwanda, umukungugu, imyanda, nibindi, hanyuma ushire ahakomeye. Nyuma yo kubaka, suka hasi hamwe na horizontal yubaka, wagure umurongo wamazi wabyimbye wamazi ugana icyerekezo cyagutse cyubwubatsi, hanyuma ukoreshe ibifatika byacyo kugirango ubizirikane hagati yubwubatsi. Ihuriro rihuriweho ntirigomba kuba munsi ya 5cm, kandi ntagishobora gusigara; kubwububiko bwahagaritse bwubatswe, ahabigenewe hagomba kubanza kubikwa, kandi umurongo wamazi ugomba kwinjizwa mumashanyarazi yabitswe; niba nta shobuja yabitswe, imisumari ikomeye yicyuma irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukosora, kandi igakoresha kwifata kwayo kugirango iyishyire kumurongo wubwubatsi, kandi iringaniza iyo ihuye nimpapuro zo kwigunga. Umurongo wamazi umaze gukosorwa, kura impapuro zo kwigunga hanyuma usuke beto.

4. Kunyeganyega kwa beto. Igihe nuburyo bwo guhindagurika bifatika bigomba kuba bikwiye. Igomba kunyeganyezwa cyane ariko ntikinyeganyeze cyangwa ngo isohoke. Mugihe cyo kunyeganyega, kumenagura minisiteri bigomba kugabanywa, kandi minisiteri yamenetse hejuru yimbere yimbere yabyo igomba gusukurwa mugihe. Ingingo zinyeganyeza zifatika zigabanijwe kuva hagati kugeza ku nkombe, kandi inkoni zirashyizwe hamwe, umurongo ku kindi, kandi buri gice cyo gusuka beto kigomba gusukwa ubudahwema. Igihe cyo kunyeganyega kuri buri kintu cyinyeganyeza kigomba gushingira ku buso bwa beto bureremba, buringaniye, kandi nta bindi bisebe bisohoka, ubusanzwe 20-30, kugirango wirinde gutandukana guterwa no kunyeganyega cyane.

Gusuka beto bigomba gukorwa mubice kandi bikomeza. Vibrator yinjizamo igomba kwinjizwamo vuba hanyuma igakururwa buhoro, kandi ingingo zinjizwamo zigomba gutondekwa neza kandi zigashyirwa muburyo bwururabyo. Vibrator yo kunyeganyeza igice cyo hejuru cya beto igomba kwinjizwa mugice cyo hasi cya beto kuri 5-10cm kugirango harebwe niba ibice bibiri bya beto byahujwe neza. Icyerekezo cyikurikiranya ryikurikiranya bigomba kuba bitandukanye cyane nicyerekezo cyerekezo cya beto, kugirango beto yinyeganyeza itazongera kwinjira mumazi yubusa kandi menshi. Vibrator ntigomba gukora ku bice byashyizwemo no gukora mugihe cyo kunyeganyega.

5. Kubungabunga. Nyuma ya beto imaze gusukwa, igomba gutwikirwa no kuvomererwa mumasaha 12 kugirango isukari igume. Igihe cyo kubungabunga muri rusange ntabwo kiri munsi yiminsi 7. Kubice bidashobora kuvomererwa, hagomba gukoreshwa imiti ikiza, cyangwa firime ikingira igomba guterwa hejuru ya beto nyuma yo kumeneka, idashobora kwirinda kubungabungwa gusa, ariko kandi ikanamura igihe kirekire.

4. Gushyira urwego rutagira amazi

Nubwo urufatiro rwimbitse rwokwirinda amazi rushingiye ahanini kuri beto yo kwikingira amazi, gushyira igiti kitarimo amazi nabyo bigira uruhare runini mumushinga wimbitse utangiza amazi. Kugenzura cyane ubwiza bwubwubatsi bwamazi adafite amazi ningingo yingenzi yo kubaka amazi.

(I) Ubuvuzi bwibanze

Mbere yo gushyira igiti kitarimo amazi, ubuso bwibanze bugomba kuvurwa neza, cyane cyane kubutaka no gutunganya amazi. Niba hari amazi yatembye hejuru yubutaka, imyanda igomba kuvurwa no gucomeka. Ubuso bwibanze buvuwe bugomba kuba busukuye, butarimo umwanda, butagira amazi, kandi nta mazi.

(II) Gushiraho ubuziranenge bwurwego rutagira amazi

1. Ibice bitarimo amazi bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo cyuruganda, kandi nibishobora gukoreshwa gusa. Urufatiro rwubwubatsi butagira amazi rugomba kuba ruringaniye, rwumye, rufite isuku, rukomeye, kandi ntirumusenyi cyangwa urusenda. 2. Mbere yuko hashyirwaho urwego rutagira amazi, inguni zifatizo zigomba kuvurwa. Inguni zigomba gukorwa muri arcs. Diameter yimfuruka yimbere igomba kuba irenze 50mm, naho diameter yimfuruka yinyuma igomba kuba irenga 100mm. 3. Kubaka ibice bitarimo amazi bigomba gukorwa hubahirijwe ibisobanuro n'ibisabwa. 4. Tunganya imyanya ihuriweho nubwubatsi, umenye uburebure bwisuka rya beto, kandi ukore uburyo bwo kongera ingufu zidafite amazi kumwanya uhuriweho nubwubatsi. 5. Nyuma yo gushiraho urwego rwibanze rutarinda amazi, urwego rwokwirinda rugomba kubakwa mugihe kugirango wirinde gutwika no gutobora igiti kitarimo amazi mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma no kwangiza igice kitarimo amazi mugihe cyo kunyeganyega.

V. Umwanzuro

Kwinjira no kutarinda amazi ibibazo bisanzwe byimishinga yo munsi y'ubutaka bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yubwubatsi muri rusange, ariko ntabwo byakwirindwa. Turasobanura cyane cyane igitekerezo kivuga ngo "igishushanyo nicyo kibanza, ibikoresho nibyo shingiro, ubwubatsi nurufunguzo, kandi imiyoborere niyo garanti". Mu iyubakwa ry’imishinga itagira amazi, kugenzura neza ubwubatsi bwa buri gikorwa no gufata ingamba zigamije gukumira no kugenzura bizagera ku ntego ziteganijwe.