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中文1. Uburyo bwo gusimbuza
. Ibi bizahindura ubushobozi bwo kwitwarwa mu rufatiro no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya no gutuza.
Ingingo zo Kubaka: Gucukura urwego rwubutaka kugirango uhindurwe kandi witondere gutuza kwumwobo; Menya neza ko ireme ryuzuza; Umwuka ugomba guhuzwa mubice.
. Umubiri wikirundo hamwe nubutaka bwumwimerere bugizwe nurufatiro rugizwe kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kongera ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubushobozi no kugabanya. Ingamba zo kubaka: ubushobozi bwo kwitwaje no gukemura ikirundo cyamabuye yajanjaguwe biterwa nubunini bunini bwimirire yuruhande rwumwimerere. Intege nke, ingaruka mbi zo kumenagura amabuye yajanjaguwe. Kubwibyo, ubu buryo bugomba gukoreshwa hamwe no kwitonda mugihe bikoreshwa kurufatiro rworoshye rwibumba dufite imbaraga nke cyane.
. Umubiri wikirundo hamwe nubutaka bwumwimerere bukora urufatiro rugizwe. Kubera gukandagira no kwinjizamo, ubutaka burahungabana kuruhande, ubutaka burazamuka, kandi umuvuduko ukabije wa pore ya pore yubutaka yiyongera. Iyo umuvuduko wamazi urenze ukwirakwiza, imbaraga zubutaka nayo iriyongera. Inganda zo kubaka: Iyo filler ari umucanga na kaburimbo hamwe nubuntu bwiza, numuyoboro mwiza uhagaritse.
2. Uburyo buteganijwe
. Nyuma yuko urufatiro rwabanjirije kurangiza imidugudu hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwitonderwa bwiterambere, umutwaro uvanyweho kandi inyubako yubatswe. Inzira yo kubaka ningingo zingenzi: a. Umutwaro ubanza ugomba kuba uhwanye cyangwa uruta igishushanyo mbonera; b. Kumwanya munini-upakurura, ikamyo yajugunywe hamwe na buldozer irashobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza, kandi urwego rwa mbere rwo gupakira imfatiro za super-yoroshye zirashobora gukorwa hamwe nimashini zumucyo cyangwa imirimo y'amaboko; c. Ubugari bwo hejuru bwo gupakira bugomba kuba bito kuruta ubugari bwinyubako, kandi hepfo bigomba kwaguka ku buryo bukwiye; d. Umutwaro ukora kuri fondasiyo ntigomba kurenza umutwaro uremereye wa Fondasiyo.
. Pluduum pompe ikoreshwa muguhindura umusenyi wo mu musenyi kugirango ikore igitutu kibi kuri Fondasiyo munsi ya Membran. Nkuko umwuka n'amazi mu rufatiro byakuweho, ubutaka bwa Fondasiyo burahurizwa. Kugirango wihutishe guhuriza hamwe, imbaho zamazi ya plastike nazo zirashobora gukoreshwa, ni ukuvuga amariba yumucanga cyangwa imbaho zamazi zirashobora gukinishwa mbere yumusenyi na geomembarrans kugabanya intera yamashanyarazi. Ingingo zo Kubaka: Banza ushireho sisitemu yo kuvoma uhagaritse, hagomba gushyingurwa imiyoboro ya cumi na kabiri zigomba gushyingurwa igice cya cuploride ya Cushion Iyo ako gace ari nini, ni byiza kubanziriza ahantu hatandukanye; Kora indorerezi ku mpamyabumenyi ya vacuum, gutura mu butaka, gutura cyane, kwimurwa kwa horizontal, nibindi .; Nyuma yo kubanziriza, agace k'umucanga no kuzenguruka humyus bigomba kuvaho. Kwitondera bigomba kwishyurwa ku ngaruka kubidukikije bidukikije.
. Ibi mubyukuri kugirango bigere kuntego yo gukoresha no kugabanya urwego rw'amazi no kwishingikiriza ku buremere bw'ubutaka bwa Fondasiyo. Ingingo zo Kubaka: Muri rusange Koresha amanota meza, Jet amanota meza cyangwa ingingo zimbitse; Iyo urwego rwubutaka rwuzuye ibumba, slit, sili na ibumba rya silty, ni byiza guhuza na electrode.
. Mubikorwa byumurima wamashanyarazi uyobora, amazi mu butaka azatemba avuye kuri Anode kugera i Cathode kugirango akore electroosmose. Ntukemere ko amazi azuzwa kuri Anode no gukoresha icyuho kugirango ufate amazi kuva kumurongo wiriba kuri Cathode, kugirango urwego rwamazi rugabanuke kandi ibikubiye mu butaka bigabanuka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urufatiro ruhurizwa kandi ruhuzwa, kandi imbaraga ziratera imbere. Uburyo bwa electroosmose kandi burashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza no kwihutisha gushimangira urufatiro rwibumba.
3. Guhura nuburyo bworoshye
1. Uburyo bwo guhuza hejuru bukoresha imfashanyigisho, imbaraga-zingufu zo kuzunguruka, kuzunguruka cyangwa kunyeganyega imashini zizunguruka kugirango uhuze nubutaka bukabije. Irashobora kandi guhuza ubutaka bwuzuye. Iyo amazi akubiye hejuru yubutaka ari hejuru cyangwa amazi yo kuzuza igihugu cyubutaka ari hejuru, lime na sima na sima na sima rirashobora gushyirwa mubice kugirango bishimangire ubutaka.
2. Uburyo buremereye bwa nyundo ya nyundo ya nyundo ni ugukoresha ingufu nini zo kugwa ku nyuguti ndende kugirango ihuze INGINGO Z'INGENZI: Mbere yo kubaka, tampping tampding igomba gukorwa kugirango hamenyekane ibipimo bya tekiniki bijyanye, munsi yinzira nyabagendwa, umubare wanyuma wo kurohama hamwe namafaranga yinzobere yose; Ubutumburuke bwuburyo bwo hasi bwuburinzi n'umwobo mbere yo kwangiza bigomba kuba hejuru kuruta ubutumburuke; Ubushuhe bukubiye mu butaka bwa Fondasiyo bugomba kugenzurwa mubirimo byiza mu gihe cyo gufungura; Guhinduranya-agace kanini bigomba gukorwa murukurikirane; kwimbitse mbere na gato nyuma mugihe uburebure bwibanze butandukanye; Mu gihe cy'itumba, iyo ubutaka bwahagaritswe, igice cy'ubutaka cyakonje kigomba gutwarwa cyangwa igice cy'ubutaka kigomba gushonga no gushyuha; Nyuma yo kurangiza, Toposion yarekuye igomba gukurwaho mugihe cyangwa ubutaka bureremba bugomba gukubitwa igishushanyo mbonera kumanuka hafi ya 1m.
3. Ihinduranya ikomeye ni amagambo ahinnye yo kurangaza. Inkumi iremereye irata mu bwisanzure ahantu hirengeye, igira imbaraga nyinshi ku rufatiro, kandi ikandagira inshuro nyinshi. Imiterere yingingo mu butaka bwa Fondasiyo irahindurwa, kandi ubutaka buba umusanga, bushobora kunoza cyane imbaraga zafatizo no kugabanya kwikuramo. Inzira yo kubaka ni izi zikurikira: 1) Urwego; 2) Shyira igice cya kaburimbo cya kaburimbo; 3) Shiraho amabuye abadepite bashishikaye; 4) Urwego kandi wuzuze amanota ya kaburimbo ya Travel; 5) byuzuye rimwe; 6) urwego kandi ushireho geotextile; 7) Garuka Slag Cushion Igice hanyuma uyizuke inshuro umunani hamwe na roller. Mubisanzwe, mbere yo gufatanya-gupima imbaraga, ikizamini gisanzwe kigomba gukorwa kurubuga gifite ubuso butarenze 400m2 kugirango ubone amakuru nubuyobozi.
4. Uburyo bushimishije
1. Uburyo bwo kunyerera bukoresha hakoreshejwe indwara ya horizontal yagoretse hamwe ningaruka zo gukandagira kuruhande rwo gusenya buhoro buhoro imiterere yubutaka kandi yongera vuba igitutu cyamazi. Bitewe no kurimbuka kw'imiterere, ibice byubutaka birashobora kwimuka kumwanya muto ushobora gukoresha ingufu, kugirango ubutaka buhinduka kuva hejuru.
Inzira yubwubatsi: (1) Urwego Urubuga rwubaka kandi utegure imyanya ya piri; (2) Imodoka yubwubatsi irahari kandi umugori agamije kumwanya wikirundo; . Subiramo intambwe zavuzwe haruguru 1 kugeza 2 kugirango ukore icyondo mu mwobo ufunguye. . Subiramo iyi ntambwe kugeza ubu hari ubujyakuzimu bugera kuri progaramu yagenwe, hanyuma wandike ingano yuzuza. . . Ibipimo by'ibanze bigomba kugenwa binyuze kurubuga rwibizamini. . Ibyondo byijimye hepfo yikigega birashobora gutwarwa buri gihe kandi byoherejwe mububiko mbere yo gutondekanya. Amazi meza ugereranije hejuru ya tank yimyanya irashobora gukoreshwa. .
2. Urutoki rwa GILE (ibirundo bya kaburimbo, ibirundo bya og, ibirundo byo mu cyiciro gito, cyangwa ngo bikarinde imiyoboro yo kurohama ku ruhunyu Fondasiyo.
3. Fata amabuye ya manini (guhagarika amabuye Piers) Koresha uburyo buremereye bwo mu nyundo cyangwa uburyo bukomeye bwo kuri tamp, buhoro buhoro kugirango bakore ikirundo (guhagarika buhoro buhoro kugirango bagire ibirundo bya kaburimbo cyangwa guhagarika amabuye.
5. Uburyo bwo kuvanga
1. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa Fot Gutema (Uburyo bwo hejuru-Ftalet Rot Mot) bukoresha igitutu kinini kugirango akoreshe sima, gucamo ubutaka mugihe uvanze nubutaka no gukina inshingano zo gusimbuza igice no gukina inshingano zo gusimbuza igice. Nyuma yo gukomera, biba ikirundo kivanze (inkingi) umubiri, ikora umusingi uhuriweho hamwe nurufatiro. Ubu buryo burashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukora imiterere igumana cyangwa imiterere ikana.
2. Uburyo bwimbitse uburyo bwo kuvanga cyane bukoreshwa cyane mugushimangira ubutaka bworoshye. Ikoresha sima ya slurry na sima (cyangwa ifu ya lime) nkumukozi wingenzi utwara imigenzo yimbitse kugirango wohereze umukozi (lime) umubiri (inkingi), ni urufatiro rugizwe nurufatiro rwumwimerere. Imitungo yumubiri nubukanishi yo kwimyabumenyi yubutaka (inkingi) biterwa nurukurikirane rwibintu byumubiri hagati yumukozi ukiza nubutaka. Umubare w'ishami wongeyeho, uvanze uburinganire n'imitungo y'ubutaka ari ibintu by'ingenzi bireba imitungo ya sima (inkingi no kugaburira urufatiro rusanzwe. Inzira yo kubaka: ① Gushyira Gutegura ② Gutegura Gutanga ④ Gucukura no gutera ⑤ igihe cyo gukura no kuvanga ⑦ inshuro 0.65-1.0m / min, kuvanga bigomba gusubirwamo. ⑨ Nyuma yikirundo kirangiye, asukura ubutaka bwapfunyitse kuri blade hamwe nicyambu gitera, hanyuma wimure umushoferi wikirundo kurundi ruhande rwubwubatsi.
6. Uburyo bwo gushimangira
(1) Geosynthetics geosynthetics nuburyo bushya bwibikoresho bya geotechnical. Ikoresha polymes ibihangano nka plastiki, fibre yimiti, rubresi ya synthique, nibindi nkibikoresho byibicuruzwa byo gukora ibintu bitandukanye, bishyirwa imbere, hejuru cyangwa hagati yubutaka kugirango ushimangire cyangwa urinde ubutaka. Geosynthetics irashobora kugabanwa muri genotexile, geogemkuranes, geosynthetike zidasanzwe no guhuza geosyntuthics.
. Umusumari wubutaka urahura nubutaka bukikije burebure. Kwishingikiriza ku kurwanya ingwate zo kurwanya imibonano mpuzabitsina, ikora ubutaka buhimba hamwe n'ubutaka bukikije. Umusumari wubutaka ukorerwa muburyo bwo guhindura ubutaka. Ubutaka bushimangirwa ahanini binyuze mubikorwa byayo. Muri rusange imisumari ikora inguni runaka hamwe nindege, niko byitwa gushimangira. Imisumari yubutaka irakwiriye ko inkunga ya Found hamwe no gushimangira imisozi yuzuye, ubutaka bwibumba, hamwe nubutaka budasubirwaho umucanga hejuru yurwego rwamazi cyangwa nyuma yimvura.
. Gushimangira ni ugushimangira. Mubisanzwe, umurongo, mesh, n'ibikoresho binini bifite imbaraga zidasanzwe, ihohoterwa rinini rikoreshwa kandi rikoreshwa ku mabati ya galvanize; aluminium alloys, ibikoresho bya synthetike, nibindi
7. Uburyo bwo guswera
Koresha igitutu cyikirere, umuvuduko wa hydraulic cyangwa amahame ya electrochemike kugirango ushiremo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikomeye byihuta mumusingi cyangwa icyuho kiri hagati yinyubako nifatishwa. Guhagarika umutima birashobora gucika intege, sima ya claty, ibumba ritandukanya imiti, ibiti byangiza, bikaba byacitsemo ibice, gushimangira gukosorwa. Dukurikije uburyo bworoshye, bushobora kugabanywamo no guhubuka, gucamo ibice, kugabanya ibitero bya electrochemique. Uburyo bwo guswera bufite uburyo butandukanye bwo kubanya ubwubahwa, kubaka, imihanda n'ibiraro hamwe nimirima itandukanye yubuhanga.
8. Ibikorwa bisanzwe bya Fondasiyo nibiranga
1. Ibumba ryoroshye ryibumba ryitwa kandi ubutaka bworoshye, ni uguhira ubutaka bwibumba. Yashinzwe mu gihe cyatinze kandi ni uw'igice cya virusire cyangwa imigezi yuzuye y'icyiciro cya Marine, icyiciro cya Lagoon, hatangwa icyiciro cya Law, mu kindi cyitwa Delta, ndetse no hasi ku nkombe z'inzuzi cyangwa hafi yayo. Ubutaka busanzwe bwibumba ni ubutaka bwa sity. Imitungo yumubiri nubukanishi yubutaka bworoshye harimo ibintu bikurikira: (1) imitungo yumubiri Ibirimo ni byinshi, kandi ikwirakwizwa rya plastike ip rirenze imyaka 17, ni ubutaka bwibumba. Ibumba ryoroshye ryijimye cyane, icyatsi kibisi, gifite impumuro mbi, kirimo ibintu byingenzi, kandi bifite amazi menshi, mugihe kirenze amazi ya 40%, mugihe kiringaniye na kimwe cya 40%. Ikigereranyo cya porotity ni rusange Bitewe n'ibumba ryayo ndende, amazi menshi hamwe nuburozi bunini, imiterere yacyo nayo yerekana ibimenyetso bihuye - imbaraga nke, kugereranya, kubyutsa hejuru, kumva neza. .) Ibumba ryoroshye, cyane cyane sili, ifite ubushishozi bukomeye, nacyo kirimo kimenyetso cyingenzi kivuga ku ibumba rikuru. Ibumba ryoroshye rirashimishije cyane. Coeeffificuri yuzuye irarenze 0.5 MPA-1, kandi irashobora kugera kuri 45 MPA-1. Indangamuntu ya compression ni 0.35-0.75. Mubihe bisanzwe, ibice byoroshye byibumba nibice bisanzwe byahujwe cyangwa ubutaka burenzeho, ahubwo burenzeho, cyane cyane babitswe kubice byubutaka, bishobora kuba byatewe nubutaka budacogora. Gukora ibintu bito cyane ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyibumba ryoroshye, muri rusange hagati ya cm 10-5-18-8. Niba coecured coereference ari nto, igipimo cyo guhuriza hamwe kiratinda cyane, guhangayika neza kwiyongera buhoro, kandi umutekano wo gukemura utinda, kandi imbaraga zifatizo ziri buhoro buhoro. Ibi biranga nikintu cyingenzi kibuza cyane uburyo bwo kuvura urufatiro no kuvura. . Biroroshye kuyihindura no kugateganywa gupakira; Igipimo cyo guhindura ni kinini kandi igihe gihamye ni kirekire; Ifite ibiranga ibiranga ubuntu buke, thixotropy na roosology nyinshi. Mubisanzwe byakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura harimo uburyo bwo guhitamo, uburyo bwo gusimbuza, uburyo bwo kuvanga, nibindi
2. Uzuza ibyuya byuzuye byuzuye ahanini bigaragara ahantu hamwe na bimwe bya kera byo guturamo hamwe ninganda nubucukuzi. Ubutaka bw'imyanda busigaye cyangwa burundanyije ku bikorwa by'ubuzima n'ibikorwa by'abaturage. Ubutaka bwimyanda muri rusange bugabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: ubutaka bwimyanda yubwubatsi, ubutaka bwo murugo nubutaka bwumusaruro winganda. Ubwoko butandukanye bwubutaka bwimyanda hamwe nubutaka bwimyanda burundanyije mubihe bitandukanye biragoye gusobanura ibipimo ngenderwaho byingufu, gutuza no kwerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho. Ibiranga nyamukuru byujujwe neza ni uguhuza kwegeranya bitateganijwe, ibigize bigoye, ibintu bitandukanye, ubunini butaringaniye hamwe nubunini butaringaniye. Kubwibyo, urubuga rumwe rwerekana itandukaniro rigaragara muburyo bwo kugereranya no imbaraga, biroroshye cyane gutera gutura nabi, kandi mubisanzwe bisaba kuvurwa mubwigenge.
3. Uzuza ubutaka bwuzuye ubutaka nubutaka bwashyizwe ku bwuzu bwa hydraulic. Mu myaka yashize, yakoreshejwe cyane mu iterambere ry'inyanja iringaniye no kwibutsa umwuzure. Urugomero rwo kugwa amazi (nanone rwitwa kuzura urugomero) rusanzwe rugaragara mukarere ka Amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba ni urugomero rwubatswe nubutaka bwuzuye. Urufatiro rwashizwemo rwuzuza ubutaka rushobora gufatwa nkubwoko bwa rufatiro. Imitungo yacyo yubuvugizi ahanini iterwa ahabintu yubutaka bwuzuye. Uzuza urufatiro bwubutaka muri rusange ufite ibintu bikurikira bikurikira. (1) Indangaba itandukanye biragaragara. Hafi yinzoka, ibice bya coarse bishyirwaho mbere. Kure yicyondo, ibice byabitswe birahinduka. Mugihe kimwe, hariho ishyaka rigaragara muburyo bwimbitse. . Nyuma yo kuzuza birahagarara, ubuso bukunze gucibwa nyuma yo guhumeka kamere, kandi ibintu byamazi biragabanuka cyane. Ariko, ubutaka bwo hasi bwuzuye buracyari muburyo butemba mugihe amazi ari umukene. Impumuro nziza yuzuza ibice, biragaragara ko iki kintu kigaragara. . Ni ukubera ko ubutaka bwuzuye ari muburyo budashira. Fondasiyo ya Backfill buhoro buhoro igera kuri leta isanzwe yo guhuza ibisanzwe mugihe igihe cyizuba cyiyongera. Imiterere yubuhanga iterwa no kubabara ibice, guhuriza hamwe, imiterere yo guhuza imiyoboro hamwe nigihe gihamye nyuma yo gusubira inyuma.
4. Uzuza ubutaka burekuye umusenyi sheling umucanga cyangwa umujinya mwiza akenshi ufite imbaraga nyinshi munsi yumutwaro uhagaze. Ariko, iyo vibration yikorera (umutingito, kunyeganyega kwamashanyarazi, nibindi) Urufatiro rwubutaka rwa Sandy rushobora guteremo cyangwa ngo babuze ubushobozi bukabije, cyangwa gutakaza ubushobozi bwayo. Ni ukubera ko ibice byubutaka bitunganijwe neza kandi umwanya wibice byimuwe mubikorwa byimbaraga zidasanzwe kugirango ugere ku giciro gishya, ako kanya gihita kigira umuvuduko wamazi wa pore kandi uhagaze neza ugabanuka vuba. Intego yo kuvura uru rufatiro ni ugutumaho byoroshye kandi ukureho amahirwe yo gutemba munsi yumutwaro ufite imbaraga. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo uburyo bwiyongera, uburyo bwa vibroflothiation, nibindi
5. UKORESHEJE UBUGINGO BUKORESHEJWE BUKURIKIRA AKAZI KWONGEYE KUBIKORWA BY'UBUGINGO BW'IMIKORESHEREZE NINSHI, CYANGWA MU GIKORWA BY'INGENZI BWO GUTANGA AMAFARANGA N'IBIKORWA BY'INGENZI Ubutaka buhuje buhuza nabwo burasenyuka. Ubworoherane cyane mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwanjye, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, Ubushinwa bwo hagati n'Abashinwa bo mu burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa burasenyuka ahanini. . Iyo ushizeho kubaka intangaruganda zifatanije, birakenewe gusuzuma ingaruka zishobora gutuma umushinga uterwa no guturamo inyongera, hanyuma uhitemo uburyo bwo kuvura urufatiro rwo kwirinda cyangwa gukuraho gusenyuka kw'isi.
6. Ubutaka bwagutse igice cyubutaka bwagutse ni Montontorloniya, ufite hydrofilirity. Iragura mubunini mugihe akurura amazi akagabanuka mubunini iyo abuze amazi. Uku kwaguka no kugabanuka akenshi akenshi ni binini cyane kandi birashobora gutera ibyangiritse ku nyubako. Ubutaka bwagutse bukwirakwizwa cyane mu gihugu cyanjye, nka Guangxi, Yunnan, Henan, Huiani, Aguru, Anhui, Anhui n'ahandi, hamwe no kugaburira ukundi. Ubutaka bwagutse nubutaka bwihariye bwubutaka. Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe burimo gusimbuza ubutaka, gutera imbere mubutaka, gushira mbere, no gukoresha ingamba zubuhanga kugirango birinde impinduka muburyo bukomeye bwubutaka bwa Foundiduki.
7. Ubutaka bubi hamwe nubutaka bwamavuta mugihe ubutaka burimo ibintu bitandukanye, ubutaka butandukanye bunyuramo. Iyo ibintu kama birimo birenze ibirimo runaka, ubutaka bwamavuta. Ifite imiterere yubuhanga butandukanye. Isumbabyorono kama kama, niko ingaruka nini kubutaka bwubutaka, bugaragara cyane muburyo buke kandi budasanzwe. Ifite kandi ingaruka zitandukanye kubijyanye nibikoresho bitandukanye byubwubatsi, bufite ingaruka mbi kurubuga rwubwubatsi cyangwa ubuvuzi bwifatizo.
8. Ubutaka bugera ku misozi imiterere yubutaka bwa geologiya yubutaka bwimisozi bugoye, cyane cyane bigaragarira mu ntangarugero ya Fondasiyo no gutuza k'urubuga. Kubera imbaraga zibidukikije hamwe nuburyo bwo gushinga ubutaka bwikize, hashobora kuba amabuye manini muri urubuga, kandi ibidukikije birashobora kuba bifite ibintu bibi bya geologiya nka gellemena, ibihumyo, no kunyerera. Bazagira inyubako itaziguye cyangwa ishobora kubangamira inyubako. Mugihe wubaka inyubako ku misozi, hagomba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe kurubuga rwibidukikije hamwe nibintu bibi bya geosologiya, kandi urufatiro rugomba kuvurwa mugihe bibaye ngombwa.
9. Karst mu turere twa Karst, akenshi hari ubuvumo, Karst Gullies, Karst Travices, desression, n'ibindi byakozwe kandi bigatera imbere. Bafite ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere kandi bakunze kunyeganyega ntandukana, gusenyuka no guhindurwa urufatiro. Kubwibyo, ubuvuzi bukenewe bugomba gukorwa mbere yo kubaka inyubako.
Igihe cya nyuma: Jun-17-2024