Mapoinzi akakosha ekudzora kwemhando yakadzika nheyo gomba rekudzivirira mvura kuvaka

Keywords: Yakadzika nheyo gomba kudzivirira mvura; kuchengetedza chimiro; mvura isina mvura; mapfundo makuru ekudzora kadhi

Mumapurojekiti egomba rakadzika nheyo, kuvaka kwakaringana kwekudzivirira mvura kwakakosha kune iyo yese chimiro, uye zvakare ichava nerubatsiro rwakakura pahupenyu hwesevhisi yechivakwa. Naizvozvo, mapurojekiti ekudzivirira mvura anotora chinzvimbo chakakosha mukuvaka kwemakomba akadzika nheyo. Iri bepa rinonyanya kusanganisa yakadzika nheyo yekuvaka gomba maitiro eNanning Metro uye Hangzhou South Station kuvaka mapurojekiti ekudzidza uye kuongorora yakadzika nheyo gomba rekudzivirira mvura tekinoroji, vachitarisira kupa humwe humbowo hunokosha hwezvirongwa zvakafanana mune ramangwana.

1. Kuchengetedza chimiro chekudzivirira mvura

(I) Mamiriro ekumisa mvura emhando dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza

Iyo yakatwasuka inochengetedza dhizaini yakatenderedza gomba renheyo yakadzika inowanzodaidzwa kuti chigadziriso chekuchengetedza. Chimiro chekuchengetedza chinhu chinodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchera kwakachengeteka kwegomba rakadzika nheyo. Kune akawanda mafomu ezvimiro anoshandiswa mumakomba akadzika nheyo, uye maitiro avo ekuvaka, maitiro uye michina yekuvaka inoshandiswa zvakasiyana. Mamiriro ekumisa mvura anowanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuvaka haana kufanana, ona Tafura 1 yeruzivo

(II) Kuchengetedza kwekudzivirira mvura kwekuvaka madziro akabatanidzwa pasi

Iyo nheyo yegomba kuvakwa kweNanhu Station yeNanning Metro inotora pasi-yakabatana madziro chimiro. Rusvingo rwakabatanidzwa pasi rune simba rakanaka rekudzivirira mvura. Muitiro wekuvaka wakafanana newokufinhikana kwemirwi. Pfungwa dzinotevera dzinofanira kucherechedzwa

1. Chinhu chinokosha chekudzivirira kwehutano hwekudzivirira mvura chiri muhutano hwekubatana pakati pemadziro maviri. Kana pfungwa dzinokosha dzekuvakwa kwekubatana kwehutano hunogona kubatwa, maitiro akanaka ekudzivirira mvura achawanikwa.

2. Mushure mokunge groove yakaumbwa, zviso zvekupedzisira zvekrete iri pedyo zvinofanira kucheneswa uye kusvetwa kusvika pasi. Nhamba yekutsvaira kwemadziro haifaniri kunge iri pasi pe20 kusvika pasina dhaka pamadziro brashi.

3. Pamberi pecheji yesimbi isati yadzikiswa, chidimbu chiduku chinoiswa pamagumo echeji yesimbi pamwe chete nemadziro emadziro. Panguva yekugadzika, mhando yejoinhi inodzorwa zvakanyanya kudzivirira kubuda kubva pakuvhara mukoto. Panguva yekucherwa kwegomba renheyo, kana kubuda kwemvura kunowanikwa pamadziro emadziro, grouting inoitwa kubva kudiki conduit.

(III) Kudzivirira mvura kutarisisa kwekukandwa-mu-nzvimbo murwi kuvaka

Zvimwe zvimiro zvekuchengeta zveHangzhou South Station zvinotora chimiro chekufinhikana chakakandwa-mu-nzvimbo murwi + yakakwira-kumanikidza rotary jet murwi keteni. Kudzora kunaka kwekuvaka kwepamusoro-kumanikidza rotary jet murwi wemvura-kumisa keteni panguva yekuvaka ndiyo yakakosha yekudzivirira mvura. Munguva yekuvakwa kweketeni rekumisa mvura, iyo mirwi nzvimbo, slurry mhando uye jekiseni kudzvanywa kunofanirwa kudzorwa zvakanyanya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti bhandi rakavharika remvura rinoumbwa rakatenderedza murwi wekukanda-mu-nzvimbo kuti uwane yakanaka yekudzivirira mvura.

2. Nheyo yekuchera gomba kutonga

Panguva yekuchera gomba rekutanga, chimiro chekuchengetedza chinogona kudonha nekuda kwekusabatwa zvakanaka kwemanodhi ekuchengeta. Kuti udzivise tsaona dzinokonzerwa nekudonha kwemvura kwechimiro chekuchengetedza, mapoinzi anotevera anofanirwa kucherechedzwa panguva yekuchera gomba rekutanga:

1. Munguva yekuchera, kuchera mapofu kunorambidzwa zvachose. Nyatsoteerera kune kuchinja kwemvura yemvura kunze kwegomba renheyo uye seepage yegadziriro yekuchengetedza. Kana kuyerera kwemvura kukaitika panguva yekuchera, nzvimbo yekuyerera inofanira kudzoserwa kumashure nenguva kudzivirira kuwedzera uye kusagadzikana. Kuchera kunogona kuenderera mberi chete mushure mokunge nzira inowirirana yagamuchirwa. 2. Diki-scale-sepage mvura inofanira kubatwa nenguva. Chenesa nzvimbo yekongiri, shandisa simende yakasimba-yepamusoro-soro kumisa madziro, uye shandisa kamugero kadiki kuti udonhe kudzivirira nzvimbo inodonha kubva pakuwedzera. Mushure mekunge simiti yekuisa chisimbiso yasvika pakusimba, shandisa muchina wekugezera une grouting pressure kuti uname diki duct.

3. Kudzivirira mvura kwechimiro chikuru

Kuvharirwa kwemvura kwechimiro chikuru ndicho chinonyanya kukosha chikamu cheyakadzika nheyo gomba kudzivirira mvura. Nekudzora zvinhu zvinotevera, chimiro chikuru chinogona kuwana yakanaka yekudzivirira mvura.

(I) Concrete quality control

Concrete quality ndiyo nhanho yekuva nechokwadi chekudzivirira mvura. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira uye mugadziri wemusanganiswa ratio inovimbisa mamiriro ekutsigira kongiri yemhando.

Iyo yakaunganidzwa inopinda saiti inofanirwa kuongororwa uye kugamuchirwa zvinoenderana ne "Standards for the Quality uye Inspection Methods yeJecha neDombo for Ordinary Concrete" yemukati medhaka, madhaka block emukati, tsono-semukati, particle grading, nezvimwe. jecha rinenge rakaderera sezvinobvira pasi pechigadziro chekusangana nesimba uye kushanda, kuitira kuti pane zvakakwana coarse aggregate mukrete. Iyo kongiri chikamu musanganiswa reshiyo inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba zvekongiri chimiro dhizaini, kusimba pasi pezvakasiyana nharaunda, uye kuita kuti kongiri musanganiswa ive nekushanda zvimiro seyekuyerera kunoenderana nemamiriro ekuvaka. Iko kusanganiswa kwekrete kunofanira kuva yunifomu, nyore kubatanidza uye kupesana-kuparadzanisa, iyo ndiyo nheyo yekuvandudza kunaka kwekrete. Nokudaro, kushanda kwekongiri kunofanira kuvimbiswa zvizere.

(II) Kutonga kwekuvaka

1. Concrete kurapwa. Mubatanidzwa wekuvaka unoumbwa pakusangana kwekongiri itsva neyekare. Iyo roughening kurapwa kunowedzera iyo inosungirirwa nzvimbo yekongiri nyowani uye yekare, iyo isingangogadziri kuenderera kwekongiri, asiwo inobatsira madziro kuramba kukotama uye kugera. Usati wadira kongiri, slurry yakachena inopararira uye yobva yaputirwa nesamende-based anti-seepage crystalline material. Cement-based anti-seepage crystalline material inogona kunyatso sunga mikaha pakati pekongiri uye kudzivirira mvura yekunze kuti isapinda.

2. Kuiswa kwesimbi ndiro watertop. Iyo yekumisa simbi ndiro inofanira kuvigwa pakati peakadururwa kongiri chimiro layer, uye mabhendi pamativi ese maviri anofanira kutarisana nemvura-yakatarisana pamusoro pemvura. Iyo yekumisa simbi ndiro yemubatanidzwa wekuvaka wekunze kwemadziro post-casting bhandi inofanirwa kuiswa pakati pekongiri yekunze madziro, uye yakamira yakamira uye yega yakachinjika waterstop simbi ndiro inofanira kuiswa zvakasimba. Mushure mekusimudzwa kwakachinjika kwesimbi yesimbi inomira pamvura yatemwa, mutsetse unofanirwa kudhirowewa kumucheto kwepamusoro kwesimbi ndiro inomira mvura zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekudzora chivakwa kuti ichengete kumucheto kwayo kwakatwasuka.

Mahwendefa esimbi anogadziriswa nesimbi bar welding, uye oblique simbi mbariro dzakasungirirwa kune yepamusoro formwork tsvimbo yekugadzirisa. Masimbi mapfupi mbariro akasungwa pasi pesimbi ndiro waterstop kutsigira ndiro yesimbi. Kureba kunofanirwa kuve kwakavakirwa pahukobvu hwekongiri slab madziro esimbi mesh uye haifanirwe kuve yakarebesa kudzivirira kuumbwa kwemvura inoyerera nzira padivi pemapfupi simbi mbariro. Iwo mapfupi simbi mbariro kazhinji akapatsanurwa kwete kupfuura 200mm kureba, neimwe set kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Kana nzvimbo yacho iri diki zvakanyanya, mutengo uye huwandu hweinjiniya hunowedzera. Kana nzvimbo yacho yakakurisa, chigadziko chesimbi chiri nyore kukotama uye chiri nyore kutsveyamisa nekuda kwekudedera pakudira kongiri.

Majoini eplate yesimbi akaiswa welded, uye kureba kwemakumbo emapuranga maviri esimbi hakusi pasi pe50mm. Migumo miviri inofanira kunge yakanyatsobatanidzwa, uye kureba kweweld hakusi pasi pehupamhi hwesimbi yesimbi. Usati welding, yekuedza welding inofanira kuitwa kugadzirisa ikozvino parameters. Kana ikozvino yakakura zvakanyanya, zviri nyore kupisa kana kutopisa kuburikidza nesimbi yesimbi. Kana ikozvino idiki, zvakaoma kutanga arc uye welding haina kusimba.

3. Kuiswa kwemvura-inowedzera mitsetse yekumisa mvura. Usati waisa tambo yemvura inozvimba, tsvaira tsvina, huruva, marara, nezvimwe, uye fumura hwaro hwakaoma. Mushure mekuvaka, dururira pasi uye majoini ekuvaka akachinjika, wedzera mvura-inozvimba mvura inomira padivi penzira yekuwedzera yejoinhi rekuvaka, uye shandisa kunamatira kwayo kuinamira zvakananga pakati pejoinhi rekuvaka. Iko kupindirana kwemajoini hakufanirwe kunge kuri pasi pe5cm, uye hapana mabreakpoints anofanirwa kusiiwa; kujoinhi yekuvaka yakatwasuka, goko rekuisa risingadzike rinofanirwa kutanga kuchengetedzwa, uye tambo yekumisa mvura inofanira kuiswa mugero rakachengetedzwa; kana pasina groove yakachengetwa, mbambo dzesimbi dzepamusoro-soro dzinogona kushandiswawo kugadzirisa, uye kushandisa kuzvidzora kwayo kuti inamire zvakananga pamusangano wekubatanidza wekuvaka, uye yakaenzana inobatanidza iyo kana inosangana nepepa rekuzviparadzanisa. Mushure mekunge tambo yekumisa mvura yagadziriswa, bvarura bepa rekuzviparadzanisa uye udira kongiri.

4. Concrete vibration. Nguva uye nzira yekrete vibration inofanira kunge yakarurama. Inofanirwa kuzungunuswa zvine simba asi kwete kunyanya kuzunguzika kana kuvuza. Munguva yekuzunguza, kunyungudika kwedhaka kunofanirwa kudzikiswa, uye dhaka rinopfachukira mukati meiyo fomuwork rinofanira kucheneswa nenguva. Makongiri ekudengenyeka kwekongiri akapatsanurwa kubva pakati kusvika kumucheto, uye matanda akaiswa zvakaenzana, akaturikidzana neaya, uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chekongiri chinodururwa chinoramba chichidururwa. Iyo nguva yekuzunguza yenzvimbo yega yega yekuzunguza inofanirwa kunge yakavakirwa pane iyo kongiri inoyangarara, yakati sandara, uye pasisina mabhuru anobuda, kazhinji 20-30s, kudzivirira kupatsanurwa kunokonzerwa nekuwedzeredza-vibration.

Concrete kudurura kunofanira kuitwa muzvikamu uye nguva dzose. Iyo vibrator yekuisa inofanira kuiswa nekukasira uye kudhonzwa kunze zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mapoinzi ekuisa anofanirwa kurongeka zvakaenzana uye kurongwa muhumiro hwemaruva. Iyo vibrator yekuzunguza denga repamusoro rekongiri rinofanira kuiswa muchikamu chepasi chekongiri ne5-10cm kuona kuti zvidimbu zviviri zvekongiri zvakabatanidzwa zvakasimba. Kutungamira kweiyo vibration kutevedzana kunofanirwa kuve kwakapesana sezvinobvira kune kutungamira kwekongiri kuyerera, kuitira kuti kongiri yakazunguzika isazopinda mumvura yemahara uye mabhuru. Iyo vibrator haifanirwe kubata yakamisikidzwa zvikamu uye formwork panguva yekuzunguza maitiro.

5. Kuchengeta. Mushure mokunge kongiri yakadururwa, inofanira kuvharwa uye kudiridza mukati maawa gumi nemaviri kuchengetedza kongiri yakanyorova. Nguva yekuchengetedza kazhinji haisi pasi pemazuva manomwe. Kune zvikamu zvisingagone kudiridzwa, mushonga unorapa unofanirwa kushandiswa pakugadzirisa, kana firimu rekudzivirira rinofanira kupfapfaidzwa zvakananga pane kongiri yepasi mushure mekudzikiswa, iyo isingangodzivise kuchengetedza, asi zvakare inovandudza kusimba.

4. Kuiswa kwemvura isina mvura

Kunyangwe yakadzika gomba gomba kudzivirira mvura kwakavakirwa pakongiri yekuzvivharira mvura, kuiswa kwemvura isingapindi mvura kunoita basa rakakosha mumapurojekiti akadzika egomba rekudzivirira mvura. Kunyatso kudzora kunaka kwekuvaka kweiyo isina mvura layer ndiyo yakakosha yekuvaka isingapinde mvura.

(I) Base surface treatment

Usati waisa chigadziko chekudzivirira mvura, nzvimbo yepasi inofanira kunyatsogadziriswa, kunyanya kupfava uye kurapwa kwemvura. Kana pane mvura inoyerera pachigadziko chepamusoro, iyo inodonha inofanira kurapwa nekubatanidza. Nzvimbo yepasi yakagadziriswa inofanira kunge yakachena, isina kusvibiswa, isina madonhwe emvura, uye isina mvura.

(II) Kuisa mhando yemvura isingapindi mvura

1. Iyo membrane isina mvura inofanira kunge iine chitupa chefekitari, uye chete zvigadzirwa zvinokodzera zvinogona kushandiswa. Hwaro yekuvaka isingapindi mvura inofanira kuva yakati sandara, yakaoma, yakachena, yakasimba, uye isiri jecha kana kusvuura. 2. Pamberi pemvura isati yaiswa, makona epasi anofanira kurapwa. Makona anofanira kuitwa ma arcs. Iyo dhayamita yekona yemukati inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura 50mm, uye dhayamita yekona yekunze inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura 100mm. 3. Kuvakwa kwemvura kusina mvura kunofanira kuitwa maererano nezvinodiwa uye kugadzirwa kwezvinodiwa. 4. Gadzirisa nzvimbo yejoint yekuvaka, tarisa kureba kwekongiri yekudira, uye ita kudzivirira mvura yekusimbisa kurapwa panzvimbo yejoint yekuvaka. 5. Mushure mekunge hwaro husingapindi mvura hwaiswa, chidziviriro chinofanirwa kuvakwa munguva yekusapisa uye kuboya dhizaini isingapindi mvura panguva yesimbi bar welding uye kukuvadza iyo isingapindi mvura panguva yekrete yekudengenyeka.

V. Mhedziso

Kupinda uye kudzivirira mvura matambudziko akajairika emapurojekiti epasi anokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwekuvaka kwechimiro, asi hazvidzivirike. Isu tinonyanya kujekesa zano rekuti "dhizaini ndiyo dhizaini, zvinhu ndizvo hwaro, kuvaka ndicho kiyi, uye manejimendi ndiyo vimbiso". Mukuvaka mapurojekiti asina mvura, kudzora kwakasimba kwemhando yekuvaka kwega rega rega uye kutora zvakanangwa ekudzivirira uye kudzora matanho zvechokwadi achazadzisa zvinotarisirwa zvinangwa.