한국어
中文1. Kutsiva nzira
(1) Iyo yekutsiva nzira ndeyekubvisa yakashata pamusoro penheyo ivhu, uye wozodzosera kumashure nevhu rine zvirinani compaction zvimiro zve compaction kana tamping kuumba yakanaka kubereka layer. Izvi zvinoshandura kutakura kugona kweiyo nheyo uye kuvandudza yayo anti-deformation uye kugadzikana kugona.
Kuvaka nzvimbo: chera kunze kwevhu revhu kuti rishandurwe uye teerera kune kugadzikana kwegomba kumucheto; chengetedza hutano hwekuzadza; iyo filler inofanira kubatanidzwa muzvikamu.
(2) Iyo vibro-inotsiviwa nzira inoshandisa yakakosha vibro-inotsiva muchina kubvunda uye kuyerera pasi pemvura-yakanyanya-kudzvanywa jets kugadzira maburi panheyo, uyezve kuzadza maburi acho neakakora aggregate senge dombo rakapwanyika kana hurungudo mumabhechi kuti aumbe. muviri murwi. Murwi wemurwi uye ivhu rekutanga renheyo rinoumba hwaro hwemubatanidzwa kuti uwane chinangwa chekuwedzera hwaro hwekubereka kugona uye kuderedza kusimba. Kuchengetedza kwekuvaka: Kutakura simba uye kugadziriswa kwemurwi wematombo akapwanyika kunoenderana nepamusoro pekumanikidzika kwemashure ekutanga nheyo yevhu pairi. Iyo isina simba yekumanikidza, iyo yakaipisisa mhedzisiro yemurwi wematombo akapwanyika. Nokudaro, nzira iyi inofanira kushandiswa nekuchenjerera kana ichishandiswa panheyo dzevhu dzakapfava dzine simba rakaderera zvikuru.
(3) Kurovera (kusvina) nzira yekutsiva inoshandisa pombi dzinonyura kana sando dzinonyura kuisa pombi (sando) muvhu, kuitira kuti ivhu risvinirwe padivi, uye matombo kana jecha nezvimwe zvinozadza zvinoiswa mupombi (kana ramming). gomba). Murwi wemurwi uye ivhu rekutanga renheyo zvinoumba hwaro hwakaumbwa. Nekuda kwekusvina uye ramming, ivhu rinodzvanywa nechemberi, pasi rinokwira, uye yakawandisa pore mvura kumanikidza kwevhu kunowedzera. Kana iyo yakawandisa pore mvura yekumanikidza inopera, simba revhu rinowedzerawo zvinoenderana. Magadzirirwo ekuvaka: Kana iyo yekuzadza iri jecha nematombo ane yakanaka permeability, yakanaka yakamira yakatwasuka chiteshi chemvura.
2. Preloading nzira
(1) Kurodha preloading nzira Usati wavaka chivako, nzira yekurodha yechinguvana (jecha, matombo, ivhu, zvimwe zvokuvakisa, zvinhu, zvichingodaro) inoshandiswa kuisa mutoro kunheyo, ichipa imwe nguva yokuturika. Mushure mokunge nheyo isati yasimbiswa kuti ipedze zvizhinji zvekugadzirisa uye simba rekutakura renheyo rinovandudzwa, mutoro unobviswa uye chivakwa chinovakwa. Maitiro ekuvaka uye mapoinzi akakosha: a. Iyo preloading mutoro unofanira kazhinji kuenzana kana mukuru pane dhizaini mutoro; b. Pakurodha nzvimbo hombe, rori yekurasa uye bulldozer inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete, uye nhanho yekutanga yekurodha pahwaro hwevhu-yakapfava inogona kuitwa nemichina yakareruka kana basa remaoko; c. Uhupamhi hwepamusoro hwekutakura hunofanira kuva hudiki pane pasi pehupamhi hwechivako, uye pasi inofanira kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera; d. Mutoro unoshanda panheyo haufanire kudarika mutoro wekupedzisira wenheyo.
(2) Vacuum preloading nzira Yejecha cushion layer inoiswa pamusoro pehwaro hwevhu rakapfava, rakafukidzwa negeomembrane uye rakavharirwa kumativi. Pombi yevacuum inoshandiswa kuburitsa jecha cushion layer kuti iite kumanikidza kwakashata panheyo pasi pe membrane. Sezvo mhepo nemvura munheyo inotorwa, nheyo yevhu inobatanidzwa. Kuti ikurumidze kusanganisa, matsime ejecha kana mapuranga emvura epurasitiki anogonawo kushandiswa, kureva kuti, matsime ejecha kana mapuranga emvura anogona kucherwa asati aisa jecha cushion layer uye geomembrane kupfupisa kureba kwemvura. Mapoinzi ekuvaka: tanga wamisa vertical drainage system, iyo yakatwasuka yakagoverwa sefa pombi dzinofanirwa kuvigwa mumitsetse kana hove maumbirwo, uye chisimbiso membrane pajecha cushion layer inofanira kunge iri 2-3 layers ye polyvinyl chloride film, iyo inofanirwa kuiswa panguva imwe chete. munhevedzano. Kana nzvimbo yacho yakakura, zvinokurudzirwa kurongedza munzvimbo dzakasiyana; tarisa pane vacuum degree, kugadziriswa kwevhu, kudzika kwakadzika, kuchinjika kutama, nezvimwewo; mushure mekutanga kurodha, chigero chejecha uye humus layer inofanira kubviswa. Kuchenjerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kune zvinokonzerwa nenharaunda yakapoteredza.
(3) Dewatering nzira Kudzikisa pasi pasi mwero kunogona kuderedza pore mvura kudzvinyirirwa nheyo uye kuwedzera self-uremu kushushikana pamusoro pevhu, kuitira kuti zvinobudirira kushushikana kuwedzera, nokudaro preloading nheyo. Izvi ndezvekuzadzisa chinangwa chepreloading nekudzikisa chiyero chemvura yepasi uye kuvimba nekuzvienzanisa kwevhu renheyo. Mapoinzi ekuvaka: kazhinji shandisa mwenje matsime mapoinzi, jet tsime mapoinzi kana akadzika matsime mapoinzi; apo ivhu revhu rakazara ivhu, silt, silt uye silty ivhu, zvinokurudzirwa kusanganisa nemagetsi.
(4) Electroosmosis nzira: isa simbi electrodes munheyo uye kupfuura yakananga ikozvino. Pasi pekuita kwenzvimbo yakananga yemagetsi ikozvino, mvura muvhu ichayerera kubva kune anode kuenda kune cathode kuumba electroosmosis. Usabvumira mvura kuti idzorerwe pane anode uye shandisa vacuum kupomba mvura kubva panzvimbo yetsime pane cathode, kuitira kuti mvura yepasi ideredzwe uye mvura iri muvhu iderere. Somugumisiro, nheyo yacho inobatanidzwa uye yakasungirirwa, uye simba rinovandudzwa. Iyo electroosmosis nzira inogona zvakare kushandiswa pamwe chete ne preloading kuti ikurumidze kubatanidzwa kweakazara ivhu nheyo.
3. Compaction uye tamping nzira
1. Iyo nzira yekumisikidza pamusoro inoshandisa manyore tamping, yakaderera-simba tamping muchina, rolling kana vibration rolling muchina kubatanidza ivhu repamusoro rakati dererei. Inogonawo kubatanidza ivhu rekuzadza rakafukidzwa. Kana mvura yevhu iri pamusoro kana kuti mvura yevhu rekuzadza ivhu rakakwirira, lime nesamende zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvekugadzirisa kusimbisa ivhu.
2. Heavy sando tamping method Kurovesa nesando inorema ndeye kushandisa simba guru rekukanda simbi rinogadzirwa nekudonha kwemahara kwesando inorema kugadzika hwaro husina kudzika, kuitira kuti ganda rakaomarara rakafanana rakafanana riumbwe pamusoro, uye humwe ukobvu hwe. iyo inotakura layer inowanikwa. Mapoinzi akakosha ekuvaka: Pamberi pekuvaka, bvunzo tamping inofanirwa kuitwa kuti itarise akakodzera tekinoroji paramita, sehuremu hwesando yekukanda, dhayamita yepasi uye kureba kureba, huwandu hwekupedzisira hwekunyura uye nhamba inowirirana yenguva dzekutamba uye iyo yakazara. kunyura mari; kukwidziridzwa kwepasi pasi pegomba uye gomba risati raita tamping kunofanirwa kunge kwakakwira kupfuura kukwidziridzwa kwekugadzira; hunyoro hwevhu renheyo hunofanirwa kudzorwa mukati mehunyoro hwakakwana hwehunyoro panguva yekutamba; hombe-nzvimbo tamping inofanira kuitwa munhevedzano; yakadzika yekutanga uye isina kudzika gare gare apo kukwirira kwepasi kwakasiyana; panguva yekuvaka kwechando, kana ivhu rakanyungudutswa, ivhu rechando rinofanira kucherwa kunze kana kuti ivhu revhu rinofanira kunyungudutswa nekupisa; mushure mekupedzwa, ivhu repamusoro rakasunungurwa rinofanirwa kubviswa nenguva kana ivhu rinoyangarara rinofanira kuderedzwa kusvika padanho rekugadzira pachinhambwe chinodonha chinosvika 1m.
3. Strong tamping ndiyo chidimbu chetamping yakasimba. Sando inorema inodonhedzwa zvakasununguka kubva panzvimbo yakakwirira, ichiita simba repamusoro panheyo, uye ichidzokorodza pasi. Chimiro chechidimbu muvhu renheyo chinogadziriswa, uye ivhu rinova gobvu, iro rinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya simba renheyo uye kuderedza kusimba. Maitiro ekuvaka ndeaya anotevera: 1) Level nzvimbo; 2) Isa giredhi yematombo cushion layer; 3) Misa matombo ematombo kuburikidza nekugadzirisa; 4) Level uye uzadze giredhi gravel cushion layer; 5) Yakazara compact kamwe; 6) Level uye kuisa geotextile; 7) Dzorera iyo weathered slag cushion layer uye uitenderedze kasere neine vibrating roller. Kazhinji, pamberi pehukuru-hukuru hwesimba compaction, bvunzo yakajairika inofanirwa kuitwa panzvimbo ine nzvimbo isingapfuure 400m2 kuti uwane data uye dhizaini dhizaini nekuvaka.
4. Compacting nzira
1. The vibrating compacting method inoshandisa iyo yakadzokororwa yakatsetseka vibration uye lateral squeezing effect inogadzirwa neanokosha vibrating device kuti zvishoma nezvishoma iparadze chimiro chevhu uye nokukurumidza kuwedzera pore water pressure. Nekuda kwekuparara kwemaitiro, zvimedu zvevhu zvinogona kuenda kunzvimbo yakaderera simba, kuitira kuti ivhu rishanduke kubva pakunyorova kuenda kune gobvu.
Maitiro ekuvaka: (1) Edza nzvimbo yekuvaka uye ronga nzvimbo dzemirwi; (2) Motokari yekuvaka iri munzvimbo uye vibrator yakanangana nenzvimbo yemurwi; (3) Tanga vibrator uye ita kuti inyure zvishoma nezvishoma muvhu kusvika 30 kusvika 50 cm pamusoro pekudzika kwekusimbisa, nyora kukosha kwemazuva ano uye nguva yevibrator pakadzika kwega kwega, uye simudza vibrator kumuromo wegomba. Dzokorora nhanho dziri pamusoro 1 kusvika ka2 kuti dope riri mugomba riite shoma. (4) Dururira bhechi rekuzadza mugomba, nyura vibrator muzadza kuti igadzikane uye kuwedzera murwi dhayamita. Dzokorora danho iri kusvika ikozvino pakadzika yasvika kune yakatsanangurwa compacting ikozvino, uye nyora huwandu hwekuzadza. (5) Simudza vibrator kubva mugomba uye enderera mberi nekuvaka chikamu chemurwi wepamusoro kusvika murwi wese wazunguzika, wobva wafambisa vibrator nemidziyo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yemurwi. (6) Munguva yekugadzira mirwi, chikamu chega chega chemuviri wemurwi chinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa ikozvino, huwandu hwekuzadza uye nguva yekuchengetedza vibration. Iwo ekutanga ma paramita anofanirwa kutariswa kuburikidza ne-pa-saiti mirwi yekuita bvunzo. (7) Mugero wedhaka wedhaka unofanira kugadzirwa pachine nguva panzvimbo yekuvaka kuti uise madhaka nemvura inogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira mirwi kuita tangi inodhaka. Madhaka gobvu ari pasi petangi anogona kucherwa nguva nenguva uye kutumirwa kunzvimbo yakafanorongwa yekuchengetera. Mvura yakajeka iri pamusoro petangi resedimentation inogona kushandiswa zvakare. (8) Pakupedzisira, muviri wemurwi une hukobvu hwemamita pamusoro pemurwi unofanirwa kucherwa kunze, kana kuumbwa uye kuumbwa nekukunguruka, tamping yakasimba (pamusoro-tamping), nezvimwewo, uye cushion layer inofanira kuiswa. uye compacted.
2. Mapombi-anonyura ematombo ematombo (mirwi yegravel, mirwi yevhu reraimu, mirwi yeOG, mirwi yegiredhi yakaderera, zvichingodaro) shandisa michina inonyura pombi kunyundo, kudedera, kana kudzvanya pombi munheyo kugadzira makomba, wozoisa. midziyo mupombi, uye simudza (vibrate) mapaipi uchiisa zvinhu mukati mawo kuita murwi wakakora, unoumba hwaro hwemubatanidzwa nehwaro hwepakutanga.
3. Rammed gravel piles (block stone piers) shandisa sando inorema tamping kana yakasimba tamping nzira kukanda matombo (block stone) munheyo, zvishoma nezvishoma kuzadza matombo (block stone) mugomba rekukanda, uye tamp kakawanda kuita mirwi yematombo kana block. mapako ematombo.
5. Kusanganisa nzira
1. High-pressure jet grouting method (high-pressure rotary jet method) inoshandisa high pressure kupfapfaidza simende slurry kubva mugomba rejekiseni kuburikidza nepombi, kucheka zvakananga nekuparadza ivhu uchisanganiswa nevhu uye kutamba chikamu chekutsiva. Mushure mekusimba, inova murwi wakasanganiswa (column) muviri, unoumba hwaro hwemubatanidzwa pamwe chete nenheyo. Iyi nzira inogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira chigadziro chekuchengetedza kana anti-seepage chimiro.
2. Nzira yekubatanidza yakadzika Nzira yekubatanidza yakadzika inonyanya kushandiswa kusimbisa ivhu rakapfava rakazara. Inoshandisa simende slurry uye simende (kana lime poda) semushonga mukuru wekurapa, uye inoshandisa yakakosha yakadzika yekusanganisa muchina kutumira iyo inorapa muivhu renheyo uye nekuimanikidza kusanganisa nevhu kugadzira simende (lime) murwi wevhu. (column) body, iyo inoumba hwaro hwemubatanidzwa nehwaro hwepakutanga. Hunhu hwepanyama uye hwemagetsi emirwi yevhu simende (makoramu) zvinoenderana nekutevedzana kwemaitiro emakemikari emuviri pakati peanorapa nevhu. Huwandu hweanorapa agent akawedzerwa, kusanganisa kusanganisa uye zvimiro zvevhu ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa maitiro esimende mirwi yevhu (makoroni) uye kunyangwe kusimba uye kusimba kweiyo composite nheyo. Maitiro ekuvaka: ① Positioning ② Slurry kugadzirira ③ Slurry kuburitsa ④ Kuchera uye kupfapfaidza ⑤ Kusimudza nekusanganisa kupfapfaidza ⑥ Kudhirowa kwakadzokororwa nekupfapfaidza ⑦ Kudzokororwa kusimudza nekusanganisa ⑧ Kana kuchera nekusimudza kumhanya kweiyo shaft yekusanganisa /5 min, 10m6-min. kusanganisa kunofanira kudzokororwa kamwe chete. ⑨ Mushure mekunge murwi wapera, chenesa zvivharo zvevhu zvakaputirwa pamashizha ekusanganisa uye pachiteshi chekupfapfaidza, uye fambisa mutyairi wemurwi kune imwe nzvimbo yekuvaka.
6. Nzira yekusimbisa
(1) Geosynthetics Geosynthetics rudzi rutsva rwe geotechnical engineering zvinhu. Inoshandisa artificially synthesized polymers semapurasitiki, makemikari fibers, synthetic rubber, nezvimwewo sezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvigadzirwa, izvo zvinoiswa mukati, pamusoro kana pakati pezvikamu zvevhu kusimbisa kana kudzivirira ivhu. Geosynthetics inogona kukamurwa kuita geotextiles, geomembranes, yakakosha geosynthetics uye composite geosynthetics.
(2) Ivhu zvipikiri zvemadziro tekinoroji Zvipikiri zvevhu zvinowanzogadzikwa nekuboora, kupinza mbariro, uye grouting, asi kune zvakare zvipikiri zvevhu zvinoumbwa nekutyaira zvakananga simbi dzakakora, zvikamu zvesimbi, uye pombi dzesimbi. Iyo mbambo yevhu inosangana nevhu rakatenderedza pamwe nehurefu hwayo hwose. Kuvimba nekupokana kwechisungo pamusangano wekusangana, inoumba ivhu rakasanganiswa nevhu rakatenderedza. Iyo mbambo yevhu inongoiswa pasi pekumanikidza pasi pemamiriro evhu deformation. Ivhu rinosimbiswa zvikuru kuburikidza nebasa raro rekuveura. Iyo mbambo yevhu inowanzoita imwe kona nendege, saka inonzi oblique reinforcement. Zvipikiri zvevhu zvakakodzerwa nerutsigiro rwegomba renheyo uye kusimbaradza kwemateru ekuzadza, ivhu revhu, uye jecha risina simende pamusoro pemvura yepasi kana mushure mekunaya.
(3) Ivhu rakasimbiswa Ivhu rakasimbiswa kuviga kusimba kwakasimba muvhu, uye kushandisa kukweshera kunokonzerwa nekufambiswa kwezvikamu zvevhu uye nekusimbisa kuumba rose nevhu uye zvinhu zvekusimbisa, kuderedza deformation uye kuwedzera kugadzikana kwese. . Kusimbisa ndiko kusimbisa kwakatwasuka. Kazhinji, mitsetse, mambure, uye filamentary zvinhu zvine simba rakasimba rekusimba, hombe friction coefficient uye corrosion resistance anoshandiswa, semarata ane galvanized simbi; aluminium alloys, synthetic zvinhu, nezvimwe.
7. Grouting nzira
Shandisa kudzvinyirirwa kwemhepo, hydraulic pressure kana electrochemical misimboti kupinza mamwe anoomesa slurries munheyo yepakati kana mukaha pakati pechivako nenheyo. Iyo grouting slurry inogona kuva simende slurry, simende dhaka, ivhu simende slurry, ivhu slurry, lime slurry uye akasiyana makemikari slurries akadai polyurethane, lignin, silicate, etc. Maererano nechinangwa grouting, inogona kukamurwa kuva anti-seepage grouting. , plugging grouting, reinforcement grouting uye structural tilt kugadzirisa grouting. Zvinoenderana neiyo grouting nzira, inogona kukamurwa kuita compaction grouting, infiltration grouting, splitting grouting uye electrochemical grouting. Grouting nzira ine dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa mukuchengetedza mvura, kuvaka, migwagwa uye mabhiriji uye akasiyana einjiniya minda.
8. Common zvakaipa nheyo ivhu uye maitiro avo
1. Ivhu rakapfava Ivhu rakapfava rinodaidzwa zvakare kunzi ivhu rakapfava, kunoreva chidimbu chevhu revhu risina simba. Yakaumbwa mukupera kweQuaternary nguva uye ndeyezvivascous sediments kana rwizi alluvial deposits emugungwa, lagoon phase, river valley phase, lake phase, nyuchirwa mupata chikamu, delta phase, etc. Inonyanya kugoverwa munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, pakati nepakati. uye nzvimbo dzakaderera dzenzizi kana pedyo nemadziva. Ivhu revhu rakajairika ivhu rine silt uye silt. Izvo zvepanyama uye zvemagetsi zvevhu rakapfava zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera: (1) Physical properties Ivhu rinenge rakakwirira, uye plasticity index Ip inowanzopfuura 17, iyo ivhu revhu. Ivhu rakapfava rinowanzoita grey, girini yakasvibira, ine kunhuwa kwakashata, ine organic matter, uye ine mvura yakawanda, kazhinji inodarika 40%, nepo silt inogonawo kuva yakakura kupfuura 80%. Iyo porosity reshiyo inowanzonzi 1.0-2.0, pakati peiyo porosity ratio ye1.0-1.5 inodaidzwa kunzi silty ivhu, uye reshiyo yeporosity inopfuura 1.5 inonzi silt. Pamusana pevhu rayo rakawanda, mvura yakawanda uye porosity yakakura, maitiro ayo emagetsi anoratidzawo maitiro anowirirana - simba rakaderera, kukwirira kwepamusoro, kuderera kwepasi uye kunzwisisika kwakanyanya. (2) Mechanical properties Simba revhu rakapfava rakaderera zvakanyanya, uye simba risina kucheneswa rinowanzova 5-30 kPa chete, iyo inoratidzwa mumutengo wakadzika kwazvo wekubereka simba, kazhinji isingadariki makumi manomwe kPa, uye mamwe anongove chete. 20 kPa. Ivhu rakapfava, kunyanya silt, rine hukuru hwekunzwa, inovawo chiratidzo chakakosha chinoisiyanisa kubva kune ivhu rakawanda. Ivhu rakapfava rinodzvanywa zvakanyanya. Iyo compression coefficient yakakura kupfuura 0.5 MPa-1, uye inogona kusvika pakukwirira kwe45 MPa-1. Iyo compression index ndeye 0.35-0.75. Mumamiriro ezvinhu enguva dzose, zvidimbu zvevhu zvakapfava ndezveivhu rakabatanidzwa kana kuti ivhu rakanyanya kuwedzeredza, asi mamwe matinji, kunyanya achangobva kuiswa ivhu, anogona kunge ari evhu risina kusimba. Iyo diki diki permeability coefficient ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha chevhu rakapfava, iro rinowanzova pakati pe10-5-10-8 cm/s. Kana iyo permeability coefficient iri diki, chiyero chekubatanidza chinononoka kwazvo, kushushikana kunoshanda kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kugadzikana kwekugadzirisa kunononoka, uye nheyo simba rinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Hunhu uhu chinhu chakakosha chinodzikamisa zvakakomba nzira yekurapa hwaro uye maitiro ekurapa. (3) Injiniya maitiro Nheyo yevhu yakapfava ine yakaderera kutakura kugona uye inononoka kukura kwesimba; zviri nyore kukanganisa uye kusaenzana mushure mekutakura; iyo deformation rate yakakura uye nguva yekugadzikana yakareba; ine maitiro ekuderera kwepasi, thixotropy uye yakakwirira rheology. Inowanzo shandiswa nheyo dzekurapa nzira dzinosanganisira preloading nzira, kutsiva nzira, kusanganisa nzira, nezvimwe.
2. Miscellaneous fill Miscellaneous fill Miscellaneous fill inonyanya kuoneka mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekare dzekugara uye maindasitiri nemigodhi. Ivhu remarara rakasiiwa kana kuunganidzwa nehupenyu hwevanhu uye mabasa ekugadzira. Ivhu remarara aya rinowanzopatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: ivhu remarara ekuvaka, ivhu remarara emudzimba uye ivhu rekugadzira marara mumaindasitiri. Mhando dzakasiyana dzevhu remarara uye ivhu remarara rakaturikidzwa panguva dzakasiyana zvakaoma kutsanangura nezviratidzo zvesimba rakabatana, zviratidzo zvekumanikidza uye zviratidziro zvekupinda. Hunhu hukuru hwekuzadzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kuunganidza kusingarondedzereki, kuumbwa kwakaomarara, zvimiro zvakasiyana, ukobvu husina kuenzana uye kusarongeka kwakashata. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo imwe chete inoratidza misiyano iri pachena mukumisikidza uye simba, izvo zviri nyore kwazvo kukonzeresa kusagadzikana kwekugadzirisa, uye kazhinji kunoda kurapwa kwenheyo.
3. Zadza ivhu Zadza ivhu ivhu rakaiswa ne hydraulic filling. Mumakore achangopfuura, yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumahombekombe egungwa retidal flat budiriro uye mafashama reclamation. Dhamu rinodonha mvura (rinonziwo dhamu rekuzadza) rinowanzoonekwa mudunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero idhamu rakavakwa nevhu rakazara. Nheyo inoumbwa nevhu rekuzadza inogona kuonekwa semhando yenheyo yechisikigo. Hunhu hwayo hweinjiniya hunonyanya kutsamira pane zvinhu zvevhu rekuzadza. Zadza ivhu hwaro kazhinji ine zvinotevera zvakakosha maitiro. (1) Iyo particle sedimentation iri pachena yakarongedzwa. Pedyo nenzvimbo inopinza madhaka, zvidimbu zvakakasharara zvinotanga kuiswa. Kure nekupinza kwedhaka, zvimedu zvakaiswa zvinova zvakanaka. Panguva imwecheteyo, pane zviri pachena stratification munzira yakadzika. (2) Mvura yemukati yevhu yekuzadza yakakwira, kazhinji yakakura kupfuura muganho wemvura, uye iri mukuyerera. Mushure mokunge kuzadza kwamira, nzvimbo yacho inowanzoputika mushure mekuputika kwechisikigo, uye mvura yemvura inoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, ivhu rezasi rinozadza richiri mumamiriro ekuyerera apo mamiriro emvura asina kunaka. Iyo yakatsetseka iyo inozadza ivhu zvimedu, zvakanyanya kuoneka chiitiko ichi. (3) Kusimba kwekutanga kweiyo ivhu rekuzadza hwaro kwakadzikira zvakanyanya uye kudzvanya kwacho kwakakwira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ivhu rekuzadza riri mune underconsolidated state. Iyo backfill nheyo zvishoma nezvishoma inosvika kune yakajairwa yekubatanidza mamiriro sezvo iyo static nguva inowedzera. Hunhu hwayo hweinjiniya hunoenderana nekuumbwa kwechikamu, kufanana, mamiriro ekubatanidza mvura uye nguva yakamira mushure mekuzadza.
4. Saturated loose jecha ivhu silt jecha kana yakanaka jecha hwaro kazhinji ane yakakwirira simba pasi static mutoro. Zvisinei, kana vibration mutoro (kudengenyeka kwenyika, mechanical vibration, etc.) ichiita, saturated yakasununguka jecha ivhu nheyo inogona kunyunguduka kana kupinda muhuwandu hwekuzunguza deformation, kana kutorasikirwa nekukwanisa kwayo kubereka. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvimedu zvevhu zvakarongeka zvakasununguka uye nzvimbo yezvimedu inobviswa pasi pekuita kwesimba rekunze rekuita kuti riwane chiyero chitsva, icho ipapo chinoburitsa yakakwira yakawandisa pore kudzvanywa kwemvura uye kushushikana kunoshanda kunoderera nekukurumidza. Chinangwa chekurapa nheyo iyi ndechekuita kuti iwedzere compact uye kubvisa mukana wekuita liquefaction pasi pemutoro une simba. Nzira dzekurapa dzakajairika dzinosanganisira extrusion nzira, vibroflotation nzira, nezvimwe.
5. Collapsible loess Ivhu rinopinda kwakakosha kwekuwedzera deformation nekuda kwekuparara kwechimiro chevhu mushure mekunyudzwa pasi pekuzvimiririra kuremerwa kweiyo yakawandisa ivhu dhizaini, kana pasi pechiito chakabatanidzwa chekuzvitakura uremu uye kuwedzera kushushikana, kunonzi collapsible. ivhu, iro riri revhu chairo. Mamwe mavhu akasiyana-siyana anozadza zvakare anogona kuputsika. Loess yakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenyika yangu, Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina, Central China uye zvikamu zveEast China zvinonyanya kuparara. (Mucheka wataurwa pano unoreva ivhu rakarasika uye rakarasika. Collapsible loess yakakamurwa kuva self-weight collapsible loess uye non-self-weight collapsible loess, uye kumwe kuparara kwekare hakugoneki). Paunenge uchiita kuvaka kweinjiniya pane inodonha yakarasika nheyo, zvinodikanwa kufunga nezvekukuvadza kungangoitika kupurojekiti kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kugadzirisa kunokonzerwa nekudonha kwenheyo, uye sarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzekurapa hwaro kudzivirira kana kubvisa kudonha kwenheyo kana kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa. kudonha kuduku.
6. Ivhu rinowedzera Ivhu remaminerari revhu rinowedzera kunyanya montmorillonite, ine simba re hydrophilicity. Inowedzera huwandu kana ichitora mvura uye inoderera muhuwandu kana ichirasikirwa nemvura. Uku kuwedzeredza nekumisikidza deformation kunowanzo kuve kwakakura kwazvo uye kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwezvivakwa nyore nyore. Ivhu rekuwedzera rinogovaniswa zvakanyanya munyika yangu, seGuangxi, Yunnan, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu nedzimwe nzvimbo, nekugoverwa kwakasiyana. Expansive soil ivhu rakasiyana. Nzira dzakajairika dzekurapa hwaro dzinosanganisira kutsiva ivhu, kuvandudzwa kwevhu, pre-kunyorova, uye mainjiniya matanho ekudzivirira shanduko muhunyoro hwevhu renheyo.
7. Organic ivhu uye peat ivhu Kana ivhu rine organic zvinhu zvakasiyana, akasiyana organic ivhu anoumbwa. Kana iyo organic matter yemukati ikapfuura chimwe chinhu, peat ivhu rinoumbwa. Iine zvinhu zvakasiyana zveinjiniya. Iyo yakakwirira iyo organic matter content, iyo inowedzera kukanganisa pahutano hwevhu, iyo inonyanya kuratidzwa mukuderera kwesimba uye yakakwirira compressibility. Iyo ine zvakare mhedzisiro dzakasiyana pakubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana zveinjiniya, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa pakuvakwa kweinjiniya yakananga kana kurapwa kwehwaro.
8. Makomo epasi pevhu Mamiriro emamiriro ejoloji evhu repasi pegomo akaoma, anonyanya kuratidzwa mukusaenzana kwenheyo uye kugadzikana kwenzvimbo. Nekuda kwepesvedzero yenzvimbo yakasikwa uye magadzirirwo evhu renheyo, panogona kunge paine matombo akakura munzvimbo iyi, uye nzvimbo yenzvimbo yacho inogona kunge iine akashata geological zviitiko zvakaita sekudonha kwevhu, madhaka, uye kudonha kwemateru. Vachaisa njodzi yakananga kana inogona kutyisidzira zvivako. Paunenge uchivaka zvivakwa panheyo dzemakomo, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune nzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza zvinhu uye yakashata geological phenomena, uye hwaro hunofanirwa kurapwa kana zvichidikanwa.
9. Karst Munzvimbo dzekarst, kazhinji mune mapako kana mapako evhu, karst gullies, karst crevices, depressions, etc. Izvo zvinoumbwa uye zvinokudziridzwa nekukukurwa kana kunyura kwemvura yepasi. Vane simba guru pane zvivakwa uye vanowanzoita kusaenzana deformation, kuputsika uye subsidence yenheyo. Nokudaro, kurapwa kwakakodzera kunofanira kuitwa musati mavakira zvivako.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-17-2024