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中文Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bokwakha
Ngenxa yesantya esikhawulezayo sokwakha, umgangatho ozinzileyo kunye nefuthe elincinci lezinto zemozulu, phantsi kweziseko ze-pile ezinesithsaba zamkelwe ngokubanzi. Inkqubo yokwakha isiseko sezidima: Ukubeka ubume bokwakha, ukubeka i-cheng, irig ye-rig endaweni, ukucoca umngxunya we-callast, i-Cheet Cheet Ceate, i-Cheel yokuGqibela i-Steeter, iKhonkco yokuGcina, i-Pile. Ngenxa yobunzima bezinto ezichaphazela umgangatho wokuthathwa kwekhonkrithi ngaphantsi kwamanzi, ikhonkco lokulawula elisemgangathweni lihlala liyindawo enzima kulawulo oluphantsi lwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokwakha ukuthengiswa kwekhonkrithi zekhonkrithi zibandakanya: umoya onzulu kunye nokuvuza kwamanzi kwi-catheter, kunye nokuqhekeka. Ikhonkrithi, udaka okanye udaka okanye i-capsule eyenza i-interlather engaqeqeshwayo inomnxibelelanisi ojijekileyo, obangela ukuba imfumba iphule, echaphazela umgangatho wekhonkrithi kwaye ebangela ukuba i-pile ishiywe kwaye iphinde ihlawulwe; Ubude bomjelo ongcwatyelwe kwikhonkrithi bunzulu kakhulu, owonyusa ukuxabana okujikeleze kwaye kwenza ukuba kungabikho nto ngaphandle kwekhonkco, kubangela ukuba ikhonkrithi ingaphandle komntu kwaye iwohluthwe; Ukusebenza kunye nokutyibilika kwekhonkrithi ngomxholo ophantsi kunye nezinye izinto kunokubangela ukuba umsele athintelwe, okukhokelela kwimitya eyaphukileyo. Xa ugalela kwakhona, ukuphambuka isikhundla akuphelelwanga ngexesha, kwaye i-iquarlingdy ye-phardry ye-slingd iya kuvela kwikhonkrithi, ebangela ukwaphuka kweqhinga; Ngenxa yokwanda kwixesha lokulinda ikhonkrithi, ulwelo lwekhonkrithi ngaphakathi kombhobho uba mandundu, ukuze inkitha exutywe ayinakuthululwa ngesiqhelo; Ukushenxiswa kunye nesiseko akulunganga, okuya kubangela amanzi eludongeni lokuthintela, kubangela umhlaba ojikelezileyo wokuntywila kunye nomgangatho wemfumba akanakuqinisekiswa; Ngenxa yezizathu ze-gemological kunye nokuntywila okungachanekanga, kunokwenzeka ukubangela udonga lomngxunya ukuba luwa; Ngenxa yempazamo yovavanyo lokuhamba kweHole okanye umngxunya obalulekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo, i-puciption elandelayo phantsi kwentsimbi yentsimbi inzima kakhulu, okanye ukuphakama kwendawo yokugalela ayikho, kukhokelela kwimfumba ende; Ngenxa yokungakhathalelwa kwabasebenzi okanye umsebenzi ongalunganga, ityhubhu yokufunyanwa kwe-acoustic ayinakukwazi ukusebenza ngokwesiqhelo, ikhokelela ekubuyisweni kwe-Ultrasonic yeSiseko sePile asinakuqhutywa ngesiqhelo.
Umda wekhonkrithi wekhonkrithi kufuneka uchaneke
1. Ukukhetha isamente
Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Uninzi lwesamente esetyenziswe kwakhiwa kwethu ngokubanzi yi-Silticate ye-Silticate kunye nesamente esilila. Ngokubanzi, ixesha lokuqala lokusetwa akufuneki libekho ngaphambi kokuba libe libini elinesibini elinesiqingatha, kwaye amandla ayo kufuneka aphezulu kune-42.5 degrees. Isamente esetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kufuneka iphumelele uvavanyo lwepropathi ebonakalayo kwilabhoratri yokufezekisa iimfuno zolwakhiwo, kwaye eyona mali yesamente kwikhonkrithi ingaze isetyenziswe ngokungqinelana nemigangatho ethile.
I-2. Ukhetho lwe-Aggregate
Zimbini zokhetho lwe-aggregates. Zimbini iintlobo ze-aggregates, enye igrabile ye-pebble kwaye elinye lilitye elityumkileyo. Kwinkqubo yokwakhiwa, i-tyveble ye-pebble kufuneka ibe lukhetho lokuqala. Ubungakanani bokwenyani be-aggregate kufuneka bube phakathi kwe-0.1667 kunye ne-0.125 yomjelo, kwaye ubuncinci bomgama osuka kwibhani yensimbi kufuneka i-0.25, kwaye i-sublecle ubungakanani kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuba ibe ngaphantsi kwe-40 mm. Umyinge ongumgangatho wenqanaba le-Coardergate kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ikhonkrithi inesithuba esihle, kwaye i-Aggregate efanelekileyo kukufonayithi. Olona nyango lokwenza isanti kwikhonkrithi kufuneka ibe phakathi kwe-9/20 kunye ne-1/2. Umyinge wamanzi kwi-ash kufuneka ube phakathi kwe-1/2 ne-3/5.
3. Ukuphucula ukusebenza
Ukwenzela ukwandisa ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi, musa ukongeza enye ingqungquthela kwikhonkrithi. Ukuthandwa kwekhonkrithi esetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamanzi phantsi kwamanzi kubandakanya ukunciphisa amanzi, ukukhululwa kancinci kunye neearhente zomeleza imbalela. Ukuba ufuna ukongeza ukungqinwa kwekhonkrithi, kufuneka wenze uvavanyo ukuchonga uhlobo, isixa kunye nenkqubo yokongeza.
Ngamafutshane, umlinganiso wokudibanisa ikhonkrithi kufuneka ulungele ukuqaliswa kwaphantsi kwamanzi. Umyinge wekhonkrithi wekhonkrithi kufuneka ulungele ukwenzela ukuba iqulethe iplastikhi kunye nobumbano, ulwelo oluhle emxholweni ngexesha lokugada kwaye ayihambelani ekuhluthweni. Ngokubanzi, xa amandla aphantsi kwamanzi aphezulu, ukuqina kwekhonkrithi kuya kuba kulungile. Ke ngokusuka kumandla esamente Umgangatho wekhonkrithi kufuneka uqinisekiswe ngokujonga kwibanga lekhonkrithi, umyinge weyona nto iphambili kwi-cengo yongezwa kwenqanaba lokulinganisa ibakala. Ixesha lokuxuba lekhonkrithi kufuneka lifaneleke kwaye umxube kufuneka ube neyunifomu. Ukuba ukuxuba akulingani okanye ukubonwa kwamanzi kwenzeka ngexesha lokuxuba kwekhonkrithi kunye nezothutho, ulwelo lwekhonkrithi luhlwempuzekile kwaye alunakusetyenziswa.
"Ukuqala kokuThumela amaXesha
Inani lokuqala lokuphalaza lekhonkrithi kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba ubunzulu bemigibe bungcwatywe kwikhonkrithi emva kokuba ikhonkrithi igalelwe ingaphantsi kwe-1.0m, ukuze uxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi ngaphandle kombhobho. Inani lokuqala lokuphala kwekhonkrithi kufuneka limiselwe ngokubalwa ngokubhekisele kule fomula ilandelayo.
V = π / 4 (D 2h1 + kd 2h2)
Apho v yivolumu yokuqalisa ikhonkrithi, m3;
I-H1 kuphakama imfuneko kwikholamu yekhonkrithi emxholweni ukulinganisa uxinzelelo ngodaka ngaphandle komgaqo:
h1 = (H-H2) γw / γc, m;
Ngaba ubunzulu bokuqhuba, m;
I-H2 kukuphakama kwekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi ngaphandle komgaqo emva kokuphuma kwekhonkrithi yokuqala, eyi-1.3 ~ 1.8m;
I-γw nguxinzelelo lodaka, eyi-11 ~ 12kn / m3;
I-γC li-conrite dexity, eyi-23 ~ 24kn / m3;
d yindawo engaphakathi yomjelo, m;
D yindawo ye-pile hole, m;
I-k yikhonkrithi yokugcwalisa i-coundete, eyi-k = 1.1 ~ 1.3.
Ivolumu yokuqalisa iqala kakhulu ibaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho wemfumba yendawo. Ivolumu yokuqala yokugalela ayinakuqinisekisa kuphela ukwakhiwa okuthandekayo, kodwa ikwaqinisekise ukuba ubunzulu bombhobho ovuthuzayo ovuthuzayo buhlangabezana neemfuno emva kokuba i-funnel igcwaliswe. Kwangelo xesha, ukugada kokuqala kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo amandla e-pile sull ngokutsala i-sediment emazantsi emngxunyeni kwakhona, ke ivolumu yokuqala yokugalela kufuneka ifuneke ngokungqongqo.
"Ukulawula isantya kulawulo
Okokuqala, hlalutya indlela yokuguqula yendawo yokufa komzimba yepeyinti edlulisela amandla kumhlaba womhlaba. Unxibelelwano lomhlaba lwemfumba lweefayile ezinesithwizi luqala ukwenza ukuba ikhonkrithi ye-pile ithululwe. Ikhonkrithi yokuqala ephalazwe ihamba kancinci, icinezelekile, kwaye ihlale phantsi koxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi ye-posiure kamva. Olu hlaselo oluhambelana nomhlaba luxhomekeke ekuxhathisweni komhlaba ojikelezileyo, kunye nobunzima bemizimba yepeyinti butsho ngokuthe ngcembe kulawulo lomhlaba ngale nto. Kwifayile enomtsalane ngokukhawuleza, xa yonke ikhonkrithi ithululiwe, nangona ikhonkrithi ayikabeki kuqala, iqhubeka ichaphazeleka kwaye idityaniswe ngexesha lokugalelwa kwaye ingene kumaleko omhlaba ojikelezileyo. Ngeli xesha, ikhonkrithi yahlukile kwii-fluids eziqhelekileyo, kwaye ukubinzana emhlabeni kunye nokuchasa kwakhe kusekwe ukumelana; Ngelixa i-piles enomtsalane kancinci, kuba ikhonkrithi isondele kwisithuba sokuqala, ukumelana phakathi kwayo nodonga lomhlaba luya kuba lukhulu ngakumbi.
Inxalenye yokufilwa kwee-piles ezinesithukuthezi ezidluliselwe kwi-REALTER HORTER ihambelana ngqo nesantya sokuthulula. Ukukhawuleza isantya sokuthulula, incinci encinci yobunzima obudluliselwe kumhlaba womhlaba ojikeleze imfumba; Ukucothisa isantya sokuthulula, okukhulu kwenani lobunzima obutshintshelwe kumbethe umhlaba ojikeleze imfumba. Ke ngoko, ukwanda kwesantya sokugada kungadlala kuphela indima elungileyo ekuqinisekiseni i-homogeneity yekhonkrithi yemfumba yemfumba, kodwa ivumela umthwalo wemfumba, kwaye ivumela umthwalo wemfumba, kwaye ivumela indima ethile ekuphuculeni imeko yoxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula Iziphumo zokusetyenziswa.
Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuyanyibilikisa umsebenzi wokugalela imfumba, engcono umgangatho wemfumba; Okukhona kulibaziseka ngakumbi, kokukhona iingozi ezinokubakho, ke kufuneka ukufezekisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqhubeka nokugalela.
Ixesha lokuthulula lemfumba nganye lilawulwa ngokokuseta kwindawo yokuqala yekhonkrithi yokuqala, kwaye i-reemer yongezwa kwixabiso elifanelekileyo ukuba kukho imfuneko.
"Lawula ubunzulu bokungcwaliswa komgaqo
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthandwa kwekhonkrithi yangaphantsi yamanzi, ukuba ubunzulu bomjelo oswelekileyo kwikhonkrithi iphakathi, ikhonkrithi iya kusasazeka, kwaye umphezulu wawo uya kuba flatsi; Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba ikhonkrithi isasaza ngokungalingani, ithambeka elingaphezulu likhulu, kulula ukusasaza kwaye ichaphazele umgangatho, ke ubunzulu bokungcwaliswa komzimba kufuneka kulawulwe umgangatho wemizimba yemfumba.
Ubunzulu bokungcwaliswa komjelo bukhulu kakhulu okanye buncinci kakhulu, okuya kuchaphazela umgangatho wemfumba. Xa ubunzulu bokutngcwaba butsha kakhulu, ikhonkrithi iya kuthi ibhukuqe ngokulula kumhlaba wekhonkrithi emngxunyeni kwaye iqengqele kwi-sediment, ebangela udaka okanye i-pules ephukileyo okanye i-piles ezaphukileyo. Kulula ukutsala umculo ophuma kumgangatho wekhonkrithi ngexesha lokusebenza; Xa ubunzulu bokungcwatywa bukhulu kakhulu, i-Conrete Ukuphakamisa okuphakathiyo kuyinto enkulu kakhulu, kwaye ikhonkrithi ayikwazi ukutyhala ngokuhambelana nomgangatho ophezulu kwaye emva koko iqhubekele emacaleni amane. Le Eddy yangoku ilula ukuba iqengqele i-sediment ijikeleze imizimba yepeyinti, ivelisa isangqa sekhonkrithi esiphantsi, esichaphazela amandla emzimbeni wekhonkco. Ukongeza, xa ubunzulu bokutngcwaba bukhulu, ikhonkrithi ephezulu ayihambi ixesha elide, ilahleko yokuthambisa inkulu, kwaye kulula ukubangela iingozi zokuqhekezwa zibangelwa kukubhloka kombhobho. Ngenxa yoko, ubunzulu bokungcwaliswa kwele meko kuhlala kulawulwa ngaphakathi kweemitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6, kwaye kububanzi bezinto ezinkulu kunye neefayile ezinde ezongezelelweyo, zinokulawulwa ngaphakathi kweemitha ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-8. Inkqubo yokugada kufuneka iphakanyiswe kwaye isuswe, kwaye ukuphakama komhlaba wekhonkrithi emngxunyeni kufuneka kulinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ususe umsele.
"Lawula ixesha lokucoca umngxunya
Emva kokuba umngxunya kugqityiwe, inkqubo elandelayo kufuneka yenziwe ngexesha. Emva kokucocwa komngxunya wesibini wamkelekile, ukungcungcuthekiswa kwekhonkrithi kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ixesha eliqaqambileyo akufuneki lide kakhulu. Ukuba ixesha eliqaqambileyo lide kakhulu, amasuntswana aqinileyo kudaka aya kubambelela eludongeni lomngxunya ukwenza ulusu oluqinileyo lomhlaba wodonga. Ulusu oludaka luyi-sandwity phakathi kwekhonkrithi kunye nodonga lomhlaba ngexesha lokuphalazwa kwekhonkrithi, elinefuthe elithambileyo kwaye kunciphisa ukungqubana phakathi kwekhonkrithi kunye nodonga lomhlaba. Ukongeza, ukuba udonga lomhlaba lutshiwe kudaka ixesha elide, ezinye iipropathi zomhlaba ziya kutshintsha. Amanye amabakala omhlaba anokungcungcutheka kwaye amandla aya kuncitshiswa, oya kuchaphazela amandla etyhubhu. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lolwakhiwo, iimfuno zenkcazo kufuneka zilandelwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye ixesha ukusuka kwi-Hole ye-Hole kwikhonkrithi yokuThunyelwa kwekhonkrithi kufuneka kunqunywe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Emva kokuba umngxunya ecocwe kwaye aqele, ikhonkrithi kufuneka ithulule ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-30.
"Lawula umgangatho wekhonkrithi ephezulu kwimfumba
Kuba umthwalo ongaphezulu udluliselwe ngaphezulu kwemfumba, amandla ekhonkrithi ephezulu kwimfumba kufuneka ifezekise iimfuno zoyilo. Xa ukhulula kufutshane nokuphakama kwemfumba, isixa semali sokuhlala silawulwe, kunye nekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi kunokuba phezulu kwi-pile ephezulu kakhulu kwi-pile isuswe, kwaye amandla ekhonkrithi kwikhonkrithi Intloko yemfumba kufuneka ifezekise iimfuno zoyilo. Ukuphakama okugqithisileyo okugqithisileyo kunye neefayile zexesha elide kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokusekwe ngokupheleleyo kwimfumba yobude bemfumba kunye ne-pile yobubanzi kunye ne-pile-piles enkulu kunye ne-slings enkulu kunye ne-slide yokutsala intambo ekubeni kunzima ukugweba umphezulu onodaka olukhulu okanye ikhonkrithi kunye nokubangela ukungalunganga. Xa ukhutshelo lwecandelo lokugqibela lesikhokelo ityhubhu, isantya sokutsala kufuneka sicothise ukuthintela i-daup enqunulwe ngaphezulu kwemfumba yemfumba yokuntywila kwaye isebenze "core core".
Ngexesha lenkqubo yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi yangaphantsi yekhonkrithi, zininzi amakhonkco afanele aqwalaselwe ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho weefayile. Ngexesha lokucocwa komkhosi wesibini, izikhombisi zomsebenzi zodaka kufuneka zilawulwe. Ukuxinana kodaka kufanele kube phakathi kwe-1.15 kunye ne-1.25 ngokwemilo yomhlaba owahlukileyo, umxholo wenti kufuneka ube ≤8%, kwaye i-vickosity ifanele ibe yi-≤28s; Ubungqingqwa be-sediment emazantsi emngxunya kufuneka bulinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambi kokugalela, kwaye ukugada kunokwenziwa kuphela xa kudibana neemfuno zoyilo; Unxibelelwano lwendlela kufuneka luthe tye kwaye lutyywinwe, kwaye imbongi ifanelekile ukuba ihlolwe ngaphambi nasemva kokuba isetyenziswe ixesha elithile. Uxinzelelo olusetyenziselwa uvavanyo loxinzelelo lusekwe kuxinzelelo oluphezulu olunokuthi lwenzeke ngexesha lokwakha, kwaye uxinzelelo lokunganyangwa kufuneka lufikelela kwi-0.6-0.9MPA; Ngaphambi kokuba uqengqele, ukuze uvumele amanzi amiselwe amanzi ukuba akhutshwe kakuhle, umgama phakathi kwendlela kunye nezantsi komngxunya kufuneka ilawulwe nge-0. 3 ~ 0.5m. Ngeemps ezinedayitha emiselweyo engaphantsi kwama-600, umgama phakathi kwendlela kwaye ezantsi komngxunya kunokubanda ngokufanelekileyo; Ngaphambi kokuba ugalele ikhonkrithi, 0,1 ~ 0.2m3 ye-1: 1.5 UHlelo lweSakhiwo kufuneka luthulule kwi-funnel yokuqala, kwaye emva koko kufuneka ithululelwe.
Ukongeza, ngexesha lokuqalisa, xa ikhonkrithi emseleni ayisiyonto ingenayo, ikhonkrithi elandelayo kufuneka igcinwe kancinci kancinci kancinci kwi-nkute. Ikhonkrithi akufuneki ithululelwe emngxunyeni ovela ngasentla ukuphepha ukwenza ingxowa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ityhala iipads zerabha phakathi kwamacandelo e-pibe kwaye ibangele ukuvuza. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugada, umntu ozahluleleyo kufuneka alinganise ukuphakama komhlaba wekhonkrithi emngxunyeni, gcwalisa irekhodi elingaphantsi kwamanzi, kwaye urekhode zonke iimpazamo ngexesha lokugada.
"Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo
1. Udaka kunye namanzi emxholweni
Udaka kunye namanzi kule ntangoku isetyenziselwa ukugalela i-Consote Ngaphantsi kwamanzi nayo ikwayingxaki eqhelekileyo yokwakha umgangatho kulwakhiwo lweefayile zendawo. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba xa ndiphalaza ikhonkrithi, udaka luhlanjelwe emgxongeni, ikhonkrithi ingcolile, amandla ancitshiswa, abaxhaphazi bavunyiwe. Kubangelwa ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo.
1) Indawo yokugcina i-batch yokuqala yekhonkrithi ayonelanga, okanye nangona ikhowudi yekhonkrithi yanele, umgama phakathi komngxunya awunakungcwatyelwa, kwaye umngxunya awunakuwungcwatywa, ukuze amanzi awe ezantsi.
2) Ubunzulu bomgaqo obufakwe kwikhonkrithi ayonelanga, ukuze udaka luxutywe emseleni.
3) Uhambo oluhleliweyo aluqinile, i-phedi yerabha phakathi kwamalungu inyibilikisiwe yimboleko yoqoqosho oluphezulu, kwaye amanzi aqhekeka, kwaye amanzi ahambahamba okanye amanzi. Umjelo ukhutshiwe kakhulu, kwaye udaka luthandwe kumbhobho.
Ukwenzela ukuthintela udaka kunye namanzi angena emgibeni, amanyathelo ahambelanayo kufuneka athathwe ngaphambi kwexesha ukuthintela. Amanyathelo aphambili othintelo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
1) Isixa sebatch sokuqala sekhonkrithi kufuneka simiselwe ngokubalwa, kunye nenani elaneleyo kunye nenani elihle kwaye lisezantsi kufuneka ligcinwe ukuze likhuphe udaka.
2) Umlomo womntangoku kufuneka ugcinwe kumgama ongaphantsi kwe-300 mm ukuya kwi-500 mm ukusuka ezantsi kwe-Groove.
I-3) Ubunzulu bomgaqo obufakwe kwikhonkrithi kufuneka bugcinwe ngaphandle kwe-2.0 m.
4) Nika ingqalelo ukulawula isantya sokugalela ngexesha lokunguqamba, kwaye uhlala usebenzisa isando (iwotshi) ukulinganisa umphezulu wekhonkrithi. Ngokwaqondwa okuphakamileyo, chaza isantya kunye nokuphakama kokukhupha ityhubhu yesikhokelo.
Ukuba amanzi (udaka) angena kwi-tube yesikhokelo ngexesha lokwakha, unobangela wengozi kufuneka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ezi ndlela zilandelayo zonyango kufuneka zamkelwe.
1) Ukuba ibangelwa zizizathu zokuqala okanye zesibini ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla, ukuba ubunzulu bekhonkrithi emazantsi emsele bungaphantsi kwe-0.5 m, umphezulu wamanzi unokubekwa kwakhona kwikhonkrithi. Ngaphandle koko, ityhubhu yesikhokelo kufuneka ikhutshwe, ikhonkrithi esezantsi komsele kufuneka icocwe ngaphandle komatshini wokubulawa komoya, kwaye ikhonkrithi kufuneka ikhuselwe; Okanye ityhubhu yesikhokelo eneseva esezantsi eshukumayo kufuneka ifakwe kwikhonkrithi kunye nekhonkrithi kufuneka iphinde ithulule.
2) Ukuba ibangelwa sisizathu sesithathu, ityhubhu yesikhokelo yesilayidi kufuneka ikhutshwe kwaye iphinde ifakwe kwikhonkrithi malunga ne-1 m, kwaye amanzi kwi-gube yesikhokelo sodaka kufuneka yongezwe ukugalela ikhonkrithi. Kwikhonkrithi ephalazwe ngokutsha, idosi yesamente kufuneka inyuswe kwiipleyiti zokuqala ezimbini. Emva kokuba ikhonkrithi ithululwe kwityhubhu yesikhokelo, ityhubhu yesikhokelo kufuneka iphakanyiswe kancinane, kwaye iplagi esezantsi kufuneka icinezelwe yikhonkrithi entsha, emva koko ukugalelwa kufuneka kuqhubeke.
I-2. Ukubhloka kombhobho
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugada, ukuba ikhonkrithi ayinakuhla endleleni, ibizwa ngokuba yibhlokikhi. Kukho amatyala amabini okubetha kombhobho.
1) Xa ikhonkrithi iqala ukutyelelwa, umqobo wamanzi ubambekile emxholweni, obangela ukuphazamiseka okwethutyana kokugalelwa. Izizathu zezi: indawo yokuma kwamanzi (ibhola) akwenziwanga kwaye yenziwa ngobukhulu obuqhelekileyo, ukuphambuka ubungakanani bukhulu kakhulu, kwaye awunakugxothwa; Ngaphambi kokuba umsele athotyelwe, intsalela yekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi kudonga lwangaphakathi ayicocwa ngokupheleleyo; Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi inkulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kuhlwempuzekile, kwaye isanti inyibilikisiwe phakathi kwendawo yokuma kwamanzi (ibhola) kunye nokuma kwamanzi akunakuhla.
2) Umgaqo wekhonkrithi uvinjelwe ngekhonkrithi, ikhonkrithi ayinakuhla, kwaye kunzima ukutyhala kakuhle. Izizathu zezi: umgama phakathi komlomo womgaqo kunye nezantsi komngxunya zincinci kakhulu okanye zifakwe kwi-sediment emngxunyeni, esenza kube nzima kwikhonkrithi emazantsi embhobho. Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi esezantsi ingonelanga okanye i-Slump Slump incinci, ubungakanani belitye likhulu kakhulu, umlinganiselo wesanti mncinci kakhulu, kwaye kunzima ukuphuma kwekhonkco. Isithuba esiphakathi kothusu kunye nokondla side kakhulu, ikhonkrithi iba nkulu, ulwelo luyancipha, okanye luqinise loo nto.
Kwezi meko zimbini zingasentla, zihlalutya oonobangela bokubekwa kwabo kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okuqhubekeka kunye nokushicilelwa kwekhonkrithi, kwaye umgama ophakathi komngxunya kufuneka ubalwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukuba ibhlogo yombhobho yenzeka, ihlalutye unobangela wengxaki kwaye ufumanise ukuba loluphi uhlobo lombhobho we-ping yeyo. The following two methods can be used to deal with the type of pipe blockage: if it is the first type mentioned above, it can be dealt with by tamping (upper blockage), upsetting, and dismantling (middle and lower blockage). Ukuba luhlobo lwesibini, imivalo yentsimbi ende inokubekwa kwi-RAM kwikhonkrithi kumbhobho wokwenza ikhonkrithi iwele. I-block encinci yombhobho, i-crane inokusetyenziselwa ukushukumisa intambo yombhobho kwaye ifake i-vibrator eqhotyoshelweyo kumlomo we-pipe ukwenza i-coritte iwele. Ukuba ayikwazi ukuwa, umbhobho kufuneka ukhutshelwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye akhutshelwe icandelo ngecandelo, kwaye ikhonkrithi kumbhobho kufuneka icocwe. Umsebenzi wokugalela kufuneka uqhubeke kwakhona ngokwendlela ebangelwe sisizathu sesithathu samanzi afakwe kumbhobho.
3. Umbhobho ovuthuzayo
Umbhobho awunakukhutshwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthulula okanye umbhobho akanakukhutshwa emva kokuba ukuthula kugqityiwe. Kubizwa ngokuba yi-pupe egqunywe, edla ngokubangelwa kukungcwatywa okunzulu kombhobho. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokugalela lide kakhulu, umbhobho awuzange ulekelwe ngexesha, okanye imivalo yentsimbi kwi-cull yensimbi ayinakwenziwa ngokuqinileyo, kwaye i-pipe ihlaselwe inking, kwaye ikwangumbhobho we-piper.
Amanyathelo okuthintela: xa utya ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, umntu okhethekileyo kufuneka abelwe rhoqo ukulinganisa ubunzulu bokungcwatywa kwikhonkrithi. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka ilawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-2 m ~ 6 m. Xa ugalela ikhonkrithi, umjelo kufuneka ugungqele kancinci ukuthintela umsele wokungakhethi kwikhonkrithi. Ixesha lokugada lekhonkrithi kufuneka linqunywe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze kwenziwe ithutyana, umsele kufuneka utsalwe kubunzulu obufihliweyo. Ngaphambi kokuthoba i-cuge yentsimbi, jonga ukuba i-welding iqinile kwaye akufuneki kubekho i-well. Xa i-cull yentsimbi ifunyanwe ikhutshelwe ngexesha lokuthotywa, kufuneka ilungiswe kwaye idlalwe ngokuqinileyo ngexesha.
Ukuba kwenzeke ingozi yombhobho we-pipe ovuthayo, umjelo kufuneka unyuswe kwangoko yi-crane enkulu. Ukuba iMusi ayinakukhutshwa, amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ngokutsala ngamandla, emva koko aqhube ngendlela efanayo nemfumba eyaphukileyo. Ukuba ikhonkrithi ayiqinisekanga kakhulu kwaye ulwelo aluyeki xa iphungulo ingcwatywe, intsalela e-Mud kumphezulu wekhonkrithi inokufumana impompo ye-MUD, emva koko umjelo unokuphinda ugalelwe ngekhonkrithi. Indlela yonyango ngexesha lokuthulula kufana nesizathu sesithathu samanzi emxholweni.
I-4. Ukuthululwa okungapheliyo
Ukuphalalala awonelanga kukwabizwa ngokuba yimfumba emfutshane. Isizathu kukuba: Emva kokugabha kugqityiwe, ngenxa yokuwa komlomo weHole okanye ubunzima obugqithisileyo bodaka olusezantsi, intsalela ye-slurry ininzi kakhulu. Abasebenzi bokwakha bangenzanga umphezulu wekhonkrithi ngesando, kodwa ngempazamo ukuba ngempazamo ukuba ikhonkrithi igalelwe kwi-pile ephezulu, ikhokelela kwingozi ebangelwe kukuphambuka kwemfumba emfutshane.
Amanyathelo othintelo aquka ezi zinto zilandelayo.
1) I-Cheng yeHole kufuneka itshiswe ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana neemfuno zenkcazo yokuthintela umlomo wokuhamba umngxunya ukuba ungayisebenzi, kwaye i-Hole i-Hale ihambahamba ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhuba.
2) Emva kwemfumba inesithukuthezi, i-sediment kufuneka icocwe ngexesha lokuqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu be-sediment buhlangabezana neemfuno zenkcazo.
3) Ngokungqongqo kulawula ubunzima bodaka bokukhusela udonga ukuze ubunzima be-mud bulawulwa phakathi kwe-1.1 kunye ne-1.15, kunye nomxholo we-≤8%, kunye nohlobo lwesanti ≤8%, kunye nohlobo lwesanti ≤8%.
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwimeko ethile. Ukuba akukho manzi aphantsi komhlaba, intloko yemfumba inokwehla, intloko yentloko entsundu egudileyo kunye nomhlaba inokuchithwa ngesandla ukubhengeza i-rimete edibeneyo, kwaye ke kuya kuxhaswa uqhagamshelo lwepeyisi; Ukuba kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, i-cheng inokuthi yandiswe kwaye ingcwatywe i-50 cm ngaphantsi komhlaba yekhonkrithi, kwaye impompo yodaka ingasetyenziselwa ukukhulula udaka, kwaye emva koko ucoce intloko yemfumba.
5. Iipiles ezaphukileyo
Uninzi lwazo ziziphumo zesekondari ezibangelwa zezi ngxaki zingasentla. Ukongeza, ngenxa yendawo yokucoca engaphelelanga okanye ixesha elide lokuphalalela, i-bitch yokuqala yekhonkrithi igqityiwe kwaye inyukele kwikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi, kwaye iqhubekile kwikhonkrithi enodaka kunye neslag ukwenza imfumba ye-suda. Ngothintelo kunye nolawulo lweefayile ezaphukileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuze wenze umsebenzi ofanelekileyo wothintelo kunye nokulawula ezi ngxaki zingasentla. Kuba iifayile ezaphukileyo zenzekile, kufuneka zifundwe kunye nesebe elinobuchule, iYunithi yolondolozo, iliso loNjineli kunye neCandelo leNkokeli yoBuchule beCandelo loKwakha ukuze kucetyise iindlela ezisebenzayo nezinokwenzeka zonyango.
Ngokwamava adlulileyo, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zonyango zinokwamkelwa ukuba iipule zenzeka.
1) Emva kokuba imfumba yaphulwe, ukuba i-cull yentsimbi inokukhutshwa, kufuneka ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ke umngxunya kufuneka uncitshiswe ngempembelelo yempembelelo. Emva kokuba umngxunya ecocwe, i-cull yentsimbi kufuneka ithotyelwe kwaye ikhonkrithi kufuneka iphinde ithulule.
2) Ukuba imfumba yaphukile ngenxa yombhobho we-pubile kunye nekhonkrithi ephalazwe akokuqala ikhutshiwe kwaye icociwe, indawo ephezulu ye-pulared ithelekiswa. Umjelo uhlisiwe kwi-10 cm ngaphezulu komphezulu wekhonkrithi ophagelisiweyo kunye ne-bladder yebhola yongezwa. Qhubeka nokugalela ikhonkrithi. Xa ikhonkrithi kwikhonkrithi igcwalisa umbandela, cofa umboniso ongezantsi komphezulu wekhonkrithi ogciniweyo, kwaye impukane emanzi adibeneyo igqityiwe.
3) Ukuba imfumba yaphulwe ngenxa yokuwa okanye umjelo awunakukhutshwa, isicwangciso sesongezelelo sepile sinokucetywayo kunye nengxelo yoyilo kwingxelo yokudibanisa iingozi, kwaye iipile zinokuxhaswa kumacala omabini emfumba yentsusa.
4) Ukuba kufunyenwe imfumba eyaphukileyo ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba wekhonkxile, kwenziwe ngephenyane ngeli xesha, kwaye kunokuthintelwa iyunithi yokufunda indlela yokunyanga ukuqiniswa kokutya. Ngeenkcukacha, nceda ujonge kulwazi olufanelekileyo lwe-pile fient fient.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJUL-11-2024