Amanqaku aphambili olawulo lomgangatho wesiseko esinzulu sokwakhiwa kokuvalwa kwamanzi

Amagama angundoqo: Isiseko esinzulu sokukhusela amanzi; ukugcina isakhiwo; umaleko ongenamanzi; amanqaku aphambili olawulo lwekhadi

Kwiiprojekthi zomngxuma onzulu, ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lokuthintela amanzi lubalulekile kulwakhiwo lulonke, kwaye luya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi benkonzo yesakhiwo. Ngoko ke, iiprojekthi zokuthintela amanzi zithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokwakhiwa kwemigodi yesiseko esinzulu. Eli phepha ikakhulu lidibanisa iimpawu zenkqubo yokwakha enzulu isiseko seNanning Metro kunye neeprojekthi zokwakha zaseHangzhou South Station ukufunda nokuhlalutya isiseko sobuchwephesha bokuvalwa kwamanzi, ngethemba lokubonelela ngexabiso elithile lesalathiso kwiiprojekthi ezifanayo kwixesha elizayo.

1. Ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo sokuthintela amanzi

(I) Iimpawu zokumisa amanzi kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina

Isakhiwo sokugcina esithe nkqo esijikeleze umngxuma onzulu wesiseko sibizwa ngokuba sisakhiwo sokugcina. Ulwakhiwo olugcinayo luyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukugrunjwa okukhuselekileyo komgodi onzulu wesiseko. Kukho iifom ezininzi zesakhiwo ezisetyenziselwa kwimigodi yesiseko enzulu, kwaye iindlela zabo zokwakha, iinkqubo kunye noomatshini bokwakha abasetyenziswayo bahlukile. Iziphumo zokumisa amanzi eziphunyezwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha azifani, jonga iThebhile 1 ngeenkcukacha

(II) Izilumkiso zokuthintela amanzi kulwakhiwo lwendonga oludityaniswe phantsi

Ukwakhiwa komngxuma wesiseko weSikhululo saseNanhu seNanning Metro kwamkela ulwakhiwo oludityaniswe phantsi komhlaba. Udonga oludibeneyo lomhlaba lunomphumo omhle wokungangeni kwamanzi. Inkqubo yokwakha iyafana naleyo yeemfumba ezikruqukileyo. Ezi ngongoma zilandelayo zifanele ziqatshelwe

1. Inqaku eliphambili lokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokukhusela amanzi kunyango oludibeneyo phakathi kweendonga ezimbini. Ukuba amanqaku aphambili okwakhiwa kwonyango oludibeneyo angabanjwa, umphumo omuhle wokuthintela amanzi uya kufumaneka.

2. Emva kokuba i-groove yenziwe, ubuso bokugqibela bekhonkrithi esondeleyo kufuneka buhlanjululwe kwaye buhlanjululwe phantsi. Inani leebrashi zodonga akufanele libe ngaphantsi kwamaxesha angama-20 de kungabikho udaka kwi-brush eludongeni.

3. Ngaphambi kokuba i-cage yensimbi ithotywe, i-conduit encinci ifakwe ekupheleni kwentsimbi yensimbi ecaleni kwendlela yodonga. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokufakela, umgangatho wokudibanisa ulawulwa ngokungqongqo ukukhusela ukuvuza ukuvala umbhobho. Ngethuba lokumba umgodi wesiseko, ukuba ukuvuza kwamanzi kufunyenwe kwidibaniso eludongeni, i-grouting yenziwa kwi-conduit encinci.

(III) Ugxininiso lokuthintela amanzi kulwakhiwo lwemfumba olufakwe kwindawo

Ezinye izakhiwo ezigcinayo zeSikhululo saseMzantsi i-Hangzhou zamkela uhlobo lwemfumba enesithukuthezi-yendawo + yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lomkhusane wejethi ejikelezayo. Ukulawula umgangatho wokwakha we-high-pressure rotary jet pile ikhethini yokumisa amanzi ngexesha lokwakha yeyona nto iphambili yokuthintela amanzi. Ngethuba lokwakhiwa komkhusane wokumisa amanzi, isithuba semfumba, umgangatho we-slurry kunye noxinzelelo lwe-injection kufuneka ulawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhanti elivaliweyo elingenamanzi lenziwe malunga ne-cast-in-place-place ukufezekisa umphumo omuhle wokuthintela amanzi.

2. Ulawulo lokugrunjwa komngxuma olusisiseko

Ngethuba lenkqubo yokumba isiseko, isakhiwo sokugcina sinokuvuza ngenxa yonyango olungafanelekanga lweendawo zokugcina izakhiwo. Ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi ezibangelwa kukuvuza kwamanzi kwisakhiwo sokugcina, la manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe ngexesha lesiseko senkqubo yokomba:

1. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokumba, ukuchithwa kwemfama kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo. Nika ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza utshintsho kwinqanaba lamanzi ngaphandle komgodi wesiseko kunye ne-seepage yesakhiwo sokugcina. Ukuba ukukhupha kwamanzi kwenzeka ngexesha lokumba, indawo yokukhupha kufuneka ibuyiselwe emva kwexesha ukukhusela ukwanda kunye nokungazinzi. Ukumba kunokuqhutyelwa kuphela emva kokuba indlela ehambelana nayo yamkelwe. 2. Amanzi amdaka amancinci kufuneka aphathwe ngexesha. Coca umphezulu wekhonkrithi, sebenzisa i-samente yokumisa ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ukutywina udonga, kwaye usebenzise umbhobho omncinci wokukhupha amanzi ukukhusela indawo yokuvuza ekukhuliseni. Emva kokuba i-samente yokutywinwa ifikelele kumandla, sebenzisa umatshini wokugaya kunye noxinzelelo lwe-grouting ukutywina i-duct encinci.

3. Ukungangeni kwamanzi kwesakhiwo esiphambili

Ukungangenwa kwamanzi kwesakhiwo esiphambili yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwisiseko esinzulu sokungena kwamanzi. Ngokulawula le miba ilandelayo, isakhiwo esiphambili sinokufikelela kwisiphumo esihle sokungena kwamanzi.

(I) Ulawulo lomgangatho wekhonkrithi

Umgangatho wekhonkrithi usisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukunqanda amanzi kwisakhiwo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nomyili we-mix ratio kuqinisekisa iimeko ezixhasayo zomgangatho wekhonkrithi.

I-aggregate engena kwisiza kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye yamkelwe ngokuhambelana "neMigangatho yoMgangatho kunye neendlela zokuHlola zeSanti kunye nelitye leConcrete eqhelekileyo" kumxholo wodaka, umxholo webloko lodaka, umxholo onjengenaliti, ukuhlelwa kwamasuntswana, njl njl. isiqulatho sesanti siphantsi kangangoko phantsi kwesiseko sokuhlangana namandla kunye nokusebenza, ukuze kubekho i-coarse aggregate eyaneleyo kwikhonkrithi. I-concrete component mix ratio kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zamandla zoyilo lwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi, ukuqina phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye wenze umxube wekhonkrithi uneempawu zokusebenza ezifana nokuhamba okuhambelana neemeko zokwakha. Umxube wekhonkrithi kufuneka ube yinto efanayo, kulula ukudibanisa kunye nokuchasana nokuhlukana, okuyiyona nto isisiseko sokuphucula umgangatho wekhonkrithi. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo.

(II) Ulawulo lolwakhiwo

1. Unyango lwekhonkrithi. Umdibaniso wokwakha wenziwa ekudibaneni kwekhonkrithi entsha nendala. Unyango olurhabaxa lunyusa ngokufanelekileyo indawo yokudityaniswa kwekhonkrithi entsha kunye nendala, engaphuculi kuphela ukuqhubeka kwekhonkrithi, kodwa ikwanceda udonga ukuxhathisa ukugoba kunye nokucheba. Ngaphambi kokugalela ikhonkrithi, i-slurry ecocekileyo isasazwa kwaye ifakwe nge-samente-based anti-seepage crystalline material. Izinto zekristale ezichasene nesamente ezisekelwe kwisamente zinokudibanisa kakuhle izithuba phakathi kwekhonkrithi kwaye zithintele amanzi angaphandle ukuba angangeni.

2. Ukufakwa kwe-watertop plate yentsimbi. Ipleyiti yentsimbi ye-watertop kufuneka ingcwatywe phakathi kwinqanaba lesakhiwo sekhonkrithi egalelwe, kwaye ukugoba kuzo zombini iziphelo kufuneka kujongane nomphezulu ojongene namanzi. Ipleyiti yentsimbi yokumisa amanzi yokudibanisa ukwakhiwa kwebhanti yodonga lwangaphandle kufuneka ibekwe embindini wodonga lwangaphandle lwekhonkrithi, kwaye ukusetwa okuthe nkqo kunye nepleyiti nganye yentsimbi ethe tye kufuneka idityaniswe ngokuqinileyo. Emva kokuba umphakamo othe tyaba we-watertop yentsimbi ethe tyaba umisiwe, umgca kufuneka uzotywe kumntla wentsimbi yesivalo sentsimbi ngokwendawo yolawulo yonyuso yesakhiwo ukugcina isiphelo saso sithe tye.

Iipleyiti zensimbi zilungiswe ngentsimbi yentsimbi, kwaye imivalo yentsimbi ye-oblique idityaniswe kwi-topwork stick stick for fixing. Imivalo yentsimbi emifutshane idityaniswe phantsi kwe-watertop plate yentsimbi ukuxhasa ipleyiti yentsimbi. Ubude kufuneka busekelwe kubukhulu be-concrete slab wall mesh yentsimbi kwaye akufanele ibe yinde kakhulu ukuthintela ukubunjwa kweendlela zokukhupha amanzi ecaleni kweentsimbi ezimfutshane. Imivalo yentsimbi emfutshane ngokuqhelekileyo ayidluli ngaphezu kwe-200mm ngaphandle, kunye nesethi enye ngakwesobunxele nasekunene. Ukuba isithuba sincinci kakhulu, iindleko kunye nomthamo wobunjineli uya kwanda. Ukuba isithuba sikhulu kakhulu, ipleyiti yentsimbi yokumisa amanzi kulula ukugoba kwaye kulula ukuyikhubaza ngenxa yokungcangcazela xa ugalela ikhonkrithi.

Amalungu entsimbi yentsimbi adibeneyo, kwaye ubude becala leentsimbi ezimbini zentsimbi abukho ngaphantsi kwe-50mm. Zombini iziphelo kufuneka zifakwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukuphakama kwe-weld akukho ngaphantsi kobunzima beplate yensimbi. Ngaphambi kwe-welding, i-welding yesilingo kufuneka yenziwe ukulungelelanisa iiparamitha zangoku. Ukuba umsinga mkhulu kakhulu, kulula ukutshisa okanye ukutshisa ngepleyiti yensimbi. Ukuba i-current incinci kakhulu, kunzima ukuqala i-arc kwaye i-welding ayiqini.

3. Ufakelo lwemicu yokumisa amanzi eyandisayo. Phambi kokubeka isithintelo samanzi esidumbayo, tshayela inkunkuma, uthuli, inkunkuma, njl.njl., kwaye uveze isiseko esiqinileyo. Emva kokwakhiwa, galela umhlaba kunye namakhonkco okwakha athe tye, wandise i-watertop strip yokudumba kwamanzi ecaleni kwendlela eyandisiweyo yejoyinti yokwakha, kwaye usebenzise ukuncamathela kwayo ukuyincamathisela ngqo embindini wokwakha. Ukudibanisa okudibeneyo akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe-5cm, kwaye akukho zikhefu kufuneka zishiywe; kwidibanti yolwakhiwo oluthe nkqo, umsele wokuma ongekho nzulu kufuneka ugcinwe kuqala, kwaye umcu wokumisa amanzi kufuneka ufakwe kumjelo ogciniweyo; ukuba akukho groove egciniweyo, izikhonkwane zetsimbi eziphakamileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukulungiswa, kwaye zisebenzise ukuzincamathela kwayo ukuze zinamathele ngokuthe ngqo kwi-interface edibeneyo yokwakha, kwaye idibanise ngokulinganayo xa idibana nephepha lokuzihlukanisa. Emva kokuba umgca wokumisa amanzi ulungiswe, krazula iphepha lokuzihlukanisa kwaye uthele ikhonkrithi.

4. Ukungcangcazela kwekhonkrithi. Ixesha kunye nendlela yokungcangcazela kwekhonkrithi kufuneka ichaneke. Kufuneka ingcangcazele ngokuxineneyo kodwa ingangcangcazeli okanye ivuze. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokungcangcazela, ukutshiza kodaka kufuneka kuncitshiswe, kwaye udaka olutshiziweyo kwindawo yangaphakathi yefom kufuneka lucocwe ngexesha. Amanqaku okungcangcazela kwekhonkrithi ahlulwe ukusuka phakathi ukuya kumda, kwaye iintonga zibekwe ngokulinganayo, umaleko ngoluhlu, kwaye inxalenye nganye yokugalela ikhonkrithi kufuneka igalelwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ixesha lokungcangcazela kwendawo nganye yokungcangcazela kufuneka lisekwe kumphezulu wekhonkrithi odadayo, mcaba, kwaye akusekho amaqamza aphumayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ama-20-30s, ukunqanda ulwahlulo olubangelwa kukungcangcazela.

Ukuthululwa kwekhonkrithi kufuneka kuqhutywe kwiingqimba kwaye ngokuqhubekayo. I-vibrator yokufaka kufuneka ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iindawo zokufakela kufuneka zicwangciswe ngokulinganayo kwaye zicwangciswe kwimilo yentyatyambo yeplum. I-vibrator yokungcangcazela umaleko ophezulu wekhonkrithi kufuneka ifakwe kwinqanaba elingaphantsi lekhonkrithi ngo-5-10cm ukuqinisekisa ukuba iileya ezimbini zekhonkrithi zidibene ngokuqinileyo. Isalathiso sokulandelelana kwe-vibration kufuneka sichasane ngokusemandleni kwindlela yokuhamba kwekhonkrithi, ukwenzela ukuba ikhonkrithi eshukumayo ingasayi kungena emanzini akhululekile kunye namaqamza. I-vibrator akufanele ichukumise iindawo ezidibeneyo kunye nefomwork ngexesha lenkqubo ye-vibration.

5. Isondlo. Emva kokuba ikhonkrithi igalelwe, kufuneka igubungele kwaye ifakwe emanzini kwiiyure ezili-12 ukugcina ikhonkrithi enomanzi. Ixesha lokugcinwa ngokubanzi alikho ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-7. Kwiindawo ezingenako ukunkcenkceshelwa, i-agent ephilisayo kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukugcinwa, okanye ifilimu ekhuselayo kufuneka itshizwe ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yekhonkrithi emva kokudiliza, engakwazi ukuphepha kuphela ukugcinwa, kodwa nokuphucula ukuqina.

4. Ukubeka umaleko wokungangeni manzi

Nangona isiseko esinzulu sokungangeni manzi sisekwe ikakhulu kwikhonkrithi yokuthintela amanzi, ukubekwa komaleko ongangenwa manzi nako kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisiseko esinzulu seprojekthi yokuthintela amanzi. Ukulawula ngokungqongqo umgangatho wokwakha womaleko ongangeni manzi yeyona nto iphambili yolwakhiwo olungangeni manzi.

(I) Unyango olusisiseko

Ngaphambi kokubeka umaleko wokungangeni manzi, umgangatho wesiseko kufuneka uphathwe ngokufanelekileyo, ngokukodwa ukucolwa kunye nokunyangwa kwamanzi. Ukuba kukho umjelo wamanzi kumphezulu wesiseko, ukuvuza kufuneka kuphathwe ngokuplaga. Umphezulu wesiseko ocociweyo kufuneka ucoceke, ungangcoliseki, ungachaphazeli amathontsi amanzi, kwaye ungabi namanzi.

(II) Ukubeka umgangatho womaleko ongangeni manzi

1. I-membrane engenamanzi kufuneka ibe nesatifikethi sefektri, kwaye kuphela iimveliso ezifanelekileyo zinokusetyenziswa. Isiseko sokwakha esingangeni manzi kufuneka sibe sicaba, some, sicoceke, siqine, singabi santi okanye sixobuke. 2. Ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe umaleko ongenamanzi, iikona zesiseko kufuneka ziphathwe. Iikona kufuneka zenziwe kwii-arcs. Ububanzi bekona yangaphakathi kufuneka bube bukhulu kune-50mm, kwaye ububanzi bekona yangaphandle kufuneka bube bukhulu kune-100mm. 3. Ulwakhiwo lwamaleyile angangeni manzi kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha kunye neemfuno zoyilo. 4. Qwalasela indawo edibeneyo yokwakha, misela ukuphakama kwekhonkrithi yokugalela, kwaye wenze unyango lokuqiniswa kwamanzi kwindawo yokudibanisa yokwakha. 5. Emva kokuba isiseko esingenamanzi sibekwe, uluhlu olukhuselayo kufuneka lwakhiwe ngexesha lokuphepha ukutshisa kunye nokubhoboza ungqimba olungenamanzi ngexesha lentsimbi yentsimbi kunye nokonakalisa umaleko ongenamanzi ngexesha lokungcangcazela kwekhonkrithi.

V. Isiphelo

Ukungena kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zeeprojekthi eziphantsi komhlaba zichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wokwakha jikelele wesakhiwo, kodwa akunakuphepheka. Ngokukodwa sicacisa ingcamango yokuba "uyilo lusisiseko, izixhobo sisiseko, ulwakhiwo lungundoqo, kwaye ulawulo luyisiqinisekiso". Ekwakhiweni kweeprojekthi ezingenamanzi, ukulawulwa okuqinileyo komgangatho wokwakhiwa kwenkqubo nganye kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo ajoliswe kuyo okuthintela kunye nokulawula ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufezekisa iinjongo ezilindelekileyo.