한국어
中文1. Indlela yokutshintsha
(1) Indlela yokutshintshwa kukususa isiseko somhlaba ongekho mgangathweni, kwaye emva koko uzalise umhlaba oneempawu ezingcono zokucudisa ukucudisa okanye ukungquzula ukwenza umaleko olungileyo wokuthwala.Oku kuya kutshintsha iimpawu zokuthwala umthamo wesiseko kunye nokuphucula i-anti-deformation kunye nezakhono zokuzinza.
Amanqaku okwakha: ukumba umgangatho womhlaba oza kuguqulwa kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ekuzinzeni komphetho womgodi;qinisekisa umgangatho wokugcwalisa;i-filler kufuneka ihlanganiswe kwiileyile.
(2) Indlela ye-vibro-replacement isebenzisa umatshini okhethekileyo we-vibro-replacement ukungcangcazela kunye nokugungxulwa phantsi kweejethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukwenza imingxuma kwisiseko, kwaye emva koko ugcwalise imingxuma nge-aggregate erhabaxa njengelitye eliqhekeziweyo okanye iingqalutye kwiibhetshi ukwenza umzimba wemfumba.Umzimba wemfumba kunye nomhlaba wokuqala wesiseko wenza isiseko esiyintlanganisela ukufezekisa injongo yokwandisa umthamo wokuthwala isiseko kunye nokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa.Amanyathelo okwakha: Umthamo wokuthwala kunye nokuhlaliswa kwemfumba yamatye atyunyuziweyo kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo omkhulu kwisithintelo esisecaleni somhlaba wokuqala wesiseko kuwo.Isithintelo sibuthathaka, ngakumbi umphumo wemfumba yamatye etyumkileyo.Ngoko ke, le ndlela kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo xa isetyenziswe kwiziseko zodongwe ezithambileyo ezinamandla aphantsi kakhulu.
(3) Indlela yokubuyisela iRamming (ukucudisa) isebenzisa imibhobho ezikayo okanye iihamile zokubethelela ukubeka imibhobho (ihamile) emhlabeni, ukuze umhlaba ucudiselwe ecaleni, kunye negrabile okanye isanti kunye nezinye izithambiso zibekwe kumbhobho (okanye iramming). emhadini).Umzimba wemfumba kunye nomhlaba wokuqala wesiseko wenza isiseko esiyintlanganisela.Ngenxa yokucinezela kunye ne-ramming, umhlaba ugxininiswe ngasecaleni, umhlaba uphakama, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi angaphezulu komhlaba kuyanda.Xa uxinzelelo lwamanzi olugqithisileyo luchitha, amandla omhlaba nawo ayanda ngokufanelekileyo.Izilumkiso zokwakha: Xa isigcwalisi sisisanti kunye negrabile enokungena kakuhle, ngumjelo wokukhupha amanzi othe nkqo.
2. Indlela yokulayisha kwangaphambili
(1) Ukulayisha indlela yokulayisha kwangaphambili Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, indlela yokulayisha okwethutyana (isanti, igrabile, umhlaba, ezinye izinto zokwakha, iimpahla, njl. njl.) isetyenziselwa ukufaka umthwalo kwisiseko, ukunika ixesha elithile lokulayishwa kwangaphambili.Emva kokuba isiseko sigxininiswe kwangaphambili ukugqiba ininzi yokuhlala kunye nomthamo wokuthwala isiseko uphuculwe, umthwalo uyasuswa kwaye isakhiwo sakhiwe.Inkqubo yokwakha kunye namanqaku aphambili: a.Umthwalo wokulayisha kwangaphambili kufuneka ngokubanzi ulingane okanye ube mkhulu kunomthwalo woyilo;b.Ukulayisha indawo enkulu, iloli yokulahla kunye ne-bulldozer ingasetyenziselwa ngokudibeneyo, kwaye inqanaba lokuqala lokulayisha kwiziseko zomhlaba ezithambileyo kakhulu zingenziwa ngoomatshini abalula okanye umsebenzi wezandla;c.Ububanzi obuphezulu bokulayisha kufuneka bube buncinci kunobubanzi obuphantsi besakhiwo, kwaye umzantsi kufuneka ukhuliswe ngokufanelekileyo;d.Umthwalo osebenza kwisiseko kufuneka ungadluli umthwalo wokugqibela wesiseko.
(2) Indlela yokufaka ivacuum kwangaphambili Umaleko womqamelo wesanti wondlalwe kumphezulu wesiseko sodongwe oluthambileyo, ugqunywe ngegeomembrane kwaye utywinwe ngeenxa zonke.Ipompo yokucoca isetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-sand cushion layer ukwenza uxinzelelo olubi kwisiseko phantsi kwe-membrane.Njengoko umoya kunye namanzi kwisiseko kukhutshwa, umhlaba wesiseko uyaqiniswa.Ukukhawulezisa ukudibanisa, amaqula entlabathi okanye iibhodi zeplastiki zokukhupha amanzi nazo zingasetyenziswa, oko kukuthi, amaqula entlabathi okanye iibhodi zokuhambisa amanzi anokugrunjwa ngaphambi kokubeka i-sand cushion layer kunye ne-geomembrane ukunciphisa umgama wokuhambisa amanzi.Amanqaku okwakha: okokuqala misela inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi ngokuthe tye, imibhobho yokucoca esasazwe ngokuthe tye kufuneka ingcwatywe kwimicu okanye kwimilo ye-fishbone, kwaye i-membrane yokutywina kwi-sand cushion layer kufuneka ibe yi-2-3 yefilimu ye-polyvinyl chloride, ekufuneka ibekwe ngaxeshanye. ngokulandelelana.Xa indawo inkulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulayishe kwangaphambili kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo;ukwenza imigqaliselo kwiqondo le-vacuum, ukuhlaliswa komhlaba, ukuhlaliswa okunzulu, ukufuduka okuthe tye, njl.;emva kokulayishwa kwangaphambili, umkhombe wesanti kunye ne-humus layer kufuneka isuswe.Ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimpembelelo yendawo engqongileyo.
(3) Indlela yokukhupha amanzi Ukunciphisa umgangatho wamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi e-pore yesiseko kunye nokwandisa uxinzelelo lwe-self-weight of overlying umhlaba, ukwenzela ukuba uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwande, ngaloo ndlela ulayishe kwangaphambili isiseko.Oku ngokwenene kukuphumeza injongo yokulayishwa kwangaphambili ngokuthoba inqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nokuxhomekeka kubunzima bokuzimela bomhlaba wesiseko.Amanqaku okwakha: ngokubanzi sebenzisa iindawo zokukhanya ezikhanyayo, iindawo zejethi okanye iindawo zequla;xa umaleko womhlaba ugcwele udongwe, i-silt, i-silt kunye nodongwe olunqabileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise kunye ne-electrodes.
(4) Indlela ye-Electroosmosis: faka i-electrodes yensimbi kwisiseko kwaye udlule ngoku ngqo.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane yangoku, amanzi emhlabeni aya kuhamba ukusuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode ukwenza i-electroosmosis.Musa ukuvumela amanzi ukuba azaliswe kwi-anode kwaye usebenzise i-vacuum ukupompa amanzi kwindawo yomthombo kwi-cathode, ukwenzela ukuba umgangatho wamanzi ophantsi uthotywe kwaye umthamo wamanzi emhlabeni uyancipha.Ngenxa yoko, isiseko sihlanganiswe kwaye sihlanganiswe, kwaye amandla aphuculwe.Indlela ye-electroosmosis inokusetyenziswa ngokubambisana nokulayisha kwangaphambili ukukhawulezisa ukudityaniswa kweziseko zodongwe.
3. Indlela yokudibanisa kunye ne-tamping
1. Indlela yokudibanisa umphezulu isebenzisa oomatshini bokungquzula ngesandla, oomatshini bokucofa amandla asezantsi, oomatshini bokuqengqeleka okanye abangcangcazelisayo ukucudisa umhlaba ongaphezulu okhululekileyo.Iyakwazi ukugalela umhlaba ozaliswe umaleko.Xa isiqulatho samanzi somhlaba ongaphezulu okanye isiqulatho samanzi somaleko womhlaba wokuzalisa siphezulu, ikalika nesamente zinokubekwa ngokwemaleko ukuze kuxinaniswe ukomeleza umhlaba.
2. Indlela yokungqisha ngehamile enzima Ukubetha ngesando esinzima kukusebenzisa amandla amakhulu okugxobha abenziwe ngokuwa simahla kwehamile enzima ukuhlanganisa isiseko esingenzulwanga, ukuze kuqulunqwe umaleko weqokobhe eliqinileyo kumphezulu, kunye nobungqingqwa obuthile. umaleko wokuthwala ufunyenwe.Amanqaku aphambili olwakhiwo: Phambi kolwakhiwo, uvavanyo lwetamping kufuneka lwenziwe ukumisela iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo zobugcisa, ezinjengobunzima behamile yetamping, idiameter esezantsi kunye nomgama wokulahla, isixa sokugqibela sokutshona kunye nenani elihambelanayo lamaxesha okubetha kunye nenani lilonke. isixa sokutshona;ukuphakama komgangatho ophantsi we-groove kunye nomngxuma ngaphambi kokugxothwa kufuneka kube phezulu kunokuphakama koyilo;isiqulatho sokufuma somhlaba osisiseko kufuneka silawulwe phakathi kowona luhlu lokufuma lulungileyo ngexesha lokubetha;i-tamping yendawo enkulu kufuneka iqhutywe ngokulandelelana;ubunzulu kuqala kwaye bunzulu kamva xa ukuphakama kwesiseko kwahlukile;ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwebusika, xa umhlaba ukhenkceke, umgangatho womhlaba onqabileyo kufuneka ugqwetywe okanye umgangatho womhlaba kufuneka unyibilike ngokufudumeza;emva kokugqitywa, umhlaba ongaphezulu okhululekileyo kufuneka ususwe kwangethuba okanye umhlaba odadayo kufuneka unyathele kumphakamo woyilo kumgama ophantsi ophantse ube yi-1m.
3. Ukubetha ngamandla sisishunqulelo se-tamping eyomeleleyo.Isando esinzima siwiswa ngokukhululekileyo kwindawo ephakamileyo, sisebenzisa amandla amakhulu empembelelo kwisiseko, kunye nokuphindaphinda umhlaba.Ulwakhiwo lwamasuntswana kumhlaba wesiseko luhlengahlengiswa, kwaye umhlaba uba xinene, onokuthi uphucule kakhulu amandla esiseko kunye nokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa.Inkqubo yokwakha imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1) Inqanaba lesiza;2) Beka umaleko womqamelo wegrabile;3) Misela iipali zegrabile ngokudibanisa okuguquguqukayo;4) Inqanaba kwaye ugcwalise umaleko womgangatho wegravel cushion;5) I-compact ngokupheleleyo kanye;6) Inqanaba kwaye ubeke i-geotextile;I-7) Gcwalisa umqolo we-slag cushion layer kwaye uyiqhube amaxesha asibhozo nge-vibrating roller.Ngokubanzi, phambi koxinzelelo olukhulu oluguquguqukayo, uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo kufuneka lwenziwe kwindawo enommandla ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-400m2 ukuze kufunyanwe idatha kunye noyilo lwesikhokelo kunye nolwakhiwo.
4. Indlela yokuhlanganisa
1. Indlela yokudibanisa i-vibrating isebenzisa i-vibration e-horizontal ephindaphindiweyo kunye ne-lateral squeezing effect eyenziwa yi-vibrating device ekhethekileyo yokutshabalalisa ngokuthe ngcembe isakhiwo somhlaba kwaye yandise ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo lwamanzi e-pore.Ngenxa yokonakala kwesakhiwo, amasuntswana omhlaba asenokuhamba aye kwindawo enesakhono esiphantsi, ukuze umhlaba utshintshe ukusuka ekuxovulekeni ukuya kuxinene.
Inkqubo yokwakha: (1) Umgangatho wesiza sokwakha kwaye ulungelelanise iindawo zemfumba;(2) Isithuthi sokwakha simi kwaye i-vibrator ijolise kwindawo yemfumba;(3) Qalisa ivibrator kwaye uyiyeke izike kancinane kumaleko womhlaba de ibe yi-30 ukuya kuma-50 cm ngaphezu kobunzulu bokomelezwa, bhala ixabiso langoku kunye nexesha le-vibrator kubunzulu ngamnye, kwaye uphakamise i-vibrator emlonyeni womngxuma.Phinda la manyathelo angasentla 1 ukuya ku-2 amaxesha ukwenza udaka emngxunyeni lube luncinci.(4) Galela ibhetshi yokuzalisa emngxunyeni, yithi jize ivibrator kwifiller ukuze uyihlanganise kwaye wandise ingqumba yobubanzi.Phinda le nyathelo de i-current in the deep ifikelele kwi-compacting current echaziweyo, kwaye urekhode inani lokuzalisa.(5) Phakamisa i-vibrator ngaphandle komngxuma kwaye uqhubeke nokwakha icandelo lengqumba ephezulu de wonke umzimba wemfumba ungcangcazele, uze uhambise isidlidlizi kunye nesixhobo kwenye indawo yemfumba.(6) Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza imfumba, icandelo ngalinye lomzimba wengqumba kufuneka lihlangabezane neemfuno zangoku ukucudisa, ubungakanani bokuzalisa kunye nexesha lokugcinwa kwe-vibration.Iiparamitha ezisisiseko kufuneka zigqitywe ngovavanyo lokwenziwa kweemfumba kwisiza.(7) Isixokelelwano somjelo wodaka kufuneka simiswe kwangethuba kwisiza sokwakha ukuze kugxininise udaka namanzi aveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemfumba kwitanki yentlenga.Udaka olungqindilili olusezantsi kwetanki lunokugrunjwa rhoqo kwaye luthunyelwe kwindawo yokugcina ecwangciswe kwangaphambili.Amanzi acwengileyo kumphezulu wetanki yentlenga angaphinda asetyenziswe.(8) Okokugqibela, umzimba wengqumba onobunzima obuyimitha enye kumphezulu wengqumba kufuneka ugrunjwe, okanye uhlanganiswe kwaye udityaniswe ngokuqengqeleka, ukubetha ngamandla (over-tamping), njl. njl., kwaye umaleko womqamelo kufuneka ubekwe. kwaye ihlanganiswe.
2. Iimfumba zegrabile ezizikayo (iingqumba zegrabile, iingqumba zomhlaba wekalika, iingqumba ze-OG, iimfumba zomgangatho ophantsi, njl.njl.) sebenzisa oomatshini bengqumba yokuntywila ngemibhobho ukunyundela, ukungcangcazela, okanye ukucinezela ngokwestatically imibhobho kwisiseko ukwenza imingxuma, emva koko ubeke. izixhobo kwimibhobho, kwaye uphakamise (ungcangcazele) imibhobho ngelixa ubeka izinto kuzo ukwenza imfumba exineneyo, eyenza isiseko esidibeneyo kunye nesiseko sokuqala.
3. Iimfumba zegrabile eziziingqimba (iingqayi zamatye ebloko) zisebenzisa ihamile enzima yokugxobha okanye iindlela eziqinileyo zokugxobha igrabile (ilitye lebhloko) kwisiseko, ngokuthe ngcembe uzalise igrabile (ilitye lebhloko) kumgodi wokugxobha, kwaye tamp ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwenza iimfumba zegrabile okanye ibhloko. iintsika zamatye.
5. Indlela yokuxuba
1. Indlela yokugrumba yejethi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu (indlela yejethi ejikelezayo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu) isebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu ukutshiza uludaka lwesamente olusuka kumngxuma wokutofa ngombhobho, ukusika ngokuthe ngqo nokutshabalalisa umhlaba ngelixa uxutywa nomhlaba kwaye udlala indima yokutshintsha kancinci.Emva kokuqina, iba yimfumba edibeneyo (ikholomu) yomzimba, eyenza isiseko esidibeneyo kunye nesiseko.Le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza isakhiwo sokugcina okanye i-anti-seepage structure.
2. Indlela yokuxuba nzulu Indlela yokuxuba enzulu isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuqinisa udongwe oluthambileyo oluhluthisiweyo.Isebenzisa udaka lwesamente kunye nesamente (okanye umgubo wekalika) njengeyona arhente iphambili yokunyanga, kwaye isebenzisa umatshini okhethekileyo wokuxuba nzulu ukuthumela iarhente yokunyanga kumhlaba wesiseko kwaye uyinyanzele ukuba ixube nomhlaba ukwenza imfumba yomhlaba yesamente (ikalika). (ikholamu) umzimba, owenza isiseko esiyintlanganisela esinesiseko sokuqala.Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye nezobuchwephesha zeemfumba zomhlaba wesamente (iikholamu) zixhomekeke kuthotho lweentshukumo zekhemikhali phakathi kwearhente yokunyanga kunye nomhlaba.Ubungakanani be-agent ephilisayo eyongeziweyo, ukufana kokuxuba kunye neempawu zomhlaba zizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela iipropathi zeemfumba zomhlaba wesamente (iikholamu) kunye namandla kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwesiseko esidibeneyo.Inkqubo yokwakha: ① Ukubeka indawo ② Ukulungiswa kwe-slurry ④ Ukubhola kunye nokutshiza ⑤ Ukuphakamisa kunye nokuxuba ukutshiza ⑥ Ukuqhuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokutshiza ⑦ Ukuphakamisa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuxuba ⑧ Xa ukubhola kunye nokuphakamisa isantya se-shaft yokuxuba / i-10m 6-min, i-10m6. ukuxuba kufuneka kuphindwe kube kanye.⑨ Emva kokuba imfumba igqityiwe, coca iibhloko zomhlaba ezisongelwe kwiincakuba zokuxuba kunye nezibuko lokutshiza, kwaye uhambise umqhubi wengqumba kwenye indawo yokwakhiwa.
6. Indlela yokuqinisa
(1) I-Geosynthetics Geosynthetics luhlobo olutsha lwemathiriyeli yobunjineli be-geotechnical.Isebenzisa iipolima ezenziwe ngobuchule ezifana neeplastiki, iintsinga zekhemikhali, irabha eyenziweyo, njl.njl njengezinto ezikrwada zokwenza iindidi ngeendidi zeemveliso, ezibekwe ngaphakathi, phezu komhlaba okanye phakathi kweengqimba zomhlaba ukomeleza okanye ukukhusela umhlaba.I-Geosynthetics inokohlulwa ibe yi-geotextiles, i-geomembranes, i-geosynthetics ekhethekileyo kunye ne-geosynthetics edibeneyo.
(2) Iteknoloji yodonga lwezikhonkwane zomhlaba Izikhonkwane zomhlaba zisetwa ngokugrunjwa, ukufaka imivalo, kunye nokugrunjwa, kodwa kukwakho nezikhonkwane zomhlaba ezenziwe ngokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo imivalo yentsimbi engqindilili, amacandelo entsimbi, kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi.Isikhonkwane somhlaba sidibana nomhlaba ojikelezileyo kunye nobude bawo bonke.Ukuxhomekeka ekuxhathisweni kwe-friction yebhondi kwi-interface yoqhagamshelwano, yenza umhlaba odibeneyo kunye nomhlaba ojikelezayo.Isikhonkwane somhlaba sinyanzeliswa ngokunyanzeliswa phantsi kwemeko yokuguqulwa komhlaba.Umhlaba womelezwa ngakumbi ngomsebenzi wawo wokucheba.Isikhonkwane somhlaba ngokuqhelekileyo senza i-angle ethile kunye nendiza, ngoko kuthiwa yi-oblique reinforcement.Izikhonkwane zomhlaba zifanelekile ukuxhaswa kwesiseko somngxuma kunye nokuqiniswa kwethambeka lokuzaliswa okwenziweyo, umhlaba wodongwe, kunye nesanti enesamente engenamandla ngaphezu komgangatho wamanzi omhlaba okanye emva kwemvula.
3 .Ukuqiniswa kukuqiniswa okuthe tye.Ngokubanzi, i-strip, i-mesh, kunye nezixhobo ze-filamentary ezinamandla okuqina okuqina, i-coefficient enkulu ye-friction kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kusetyenziswa, njengamaphepha entsimbi;ialloys aluminiyam, izinto zokwenziwa, njl.
7. Indlela yokukhulisa
Sebenzisa uxinzelelo lomoya, uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic okanye imigaqo ye-electrochemical ukufaka i-slurries ethile yokuqinisa kwisiseko okanye isithuba phakathi kwesakhiwo kunye nesiseko.Udaka lwesamente lunokuba ludaka lwesamente, udaka lwesamente, uludaka lwesamente yodongwe, udaka lodongwe, udaka lwekalika kunye nodaka lweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ezifana nepolyurethane, lignin, silicate, njl. , ukuplaga igrouting, ukomeleza grouting kunye nolwakhiwo tilt ukulungisa grouting.Ngokwendlela ye-grouting, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-compaction grouting, i-infiltration grouting, i-grouting yokwahlula kunye ne-electrochemical grouting.Indlela ye-Grouting inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwindawo yokugcina amanzi, ukwakhiwa, iindlela kunye neebhulorho kunye neenkalo ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli.
8. Imihlaba yesiseko embi eqhelekileyo kunye neempawu zayo
1. Udongwe oluthambileyo Udongwe oluthambileyo lukwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaba othambileyo, esisisifinyezo somhlaba wodongwe obuthathaka.Yayilwa ekupheleni kwexesha le-Quaternary kwaye iyeyentlenga ye-viscous okanye i-alluvial deposits yesigaba solwandle, isigaba se-lagoon, isigaba sentlambo yomlambo, isigaba sechibi, isigaba sentlambo yokurhaxwa, isigaba se-delta, njl. njl. Isasazwa kakhulu kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, phakathi kunye neendawo ezisezantsi zemilambo okanye kufuphi namachibi.Imihlaba yodongwe eqhelekileyo ebuthathaka yintlenga kunye nomhlaba oyintlenga.Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye noomatshini bomhlaba othambileyo ziquka le miba ilandelayo: (1) Iimpawu ezibonakalayo Umxholo wodongwe uphezulu, kwaye isalathiso seplastiki i-Ip ngokuqhelekileyo inkulu kune-17, engumhlaba wodongwe.Udongwe oluthambileyo ubukhulu becala lungwevu bumnyama, buluhlaza bumnyama, lunevumba elibi, luqulethe izinto eziphilayo, kwaye lunomthamo wamanzi aphezulu, olungaphezulu kwama-40% ngokubanzi, ngelixa intlenga nayo inokuba nkulu kuno 80%.I-porosity ratio ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1.0-2.0, phakathi kwayo i-porosity ratio ye-1.0-1.5 ibizwa ngokuba yintlenga yodongwe, kwaye i-porosity ratio engaphezu kwe-1.5 ibizwa ngokuba yintlenga.Ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wodongwe, ubuninzi bamanzi kunye ne-porosity enkulu, iimpawu zayo zomatshini nazo zibonisa iimpawu ezihambelanayo - amandla aphantsi, ukunyanzeliswa okuphezulu, ukunyanzeliswa okuphantsi kunye nokuqonda okuphezulu.(2) Iimpawu zobuchwephesha Amandla odongwe oluthambileyo aphantsi kakhulu, kwaye amandla angacocwanga adla ngokuba yi-5-30 kPa kuphela, ebonakaliswa ngexabiso elisezantsi kakhulu lokuthwala umthamo, ngokuqhelekileyo alidluli kwi-70 kPa, kwaye ezinye zide kuphela. 20 kPa.Udongwe oluthambileyo, ngakumbi i-silt, lunovakalelo oluphezulu, olukwasisalathisi esibalulekileyo esahlula kudongwe jikelele.Udongwe oluthambileyo lucinezeleka kakhulu.I-coefficient yoxinzelelo inkulu kune-0.5 MPa-1, kwaye inokufikelela kubuninzi be-45 MPa-1.Isalathisi soxinzelelo malunga ne-0.35-0.75.Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, umaleko wodongwe othambileyo ungowomhlaba oqhelekileyo odityanisiweyo okanye umhlaba odityaniswe ngokugqithisileyo kancinane, kodwa ezinye iileya zomhlaba, ngakumbi iileya ezisandul' ukugalelwa, zisenokuba zezomhlaba ongadityaniswanga.I-coefficient encinci kakhulu ye-permeability yenye into ebalulekileyo yodongwe oluthambileyo, oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-10-5-10-8 cm / s.Ukuba i-coefficient ye-permeability incinci, izinga lokudibanisa licotha kakhulu, uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lukhula ngokucothayo, kwaye uzinzo lokuzinza lucotha, kwaye amandla esiseko akhula kancinci kakhulu.Olu phawu luyinkalo ebalulekileyo ethintela kakhulu indlela yonyango yesiseko kunye nesiphumo sonyango.(3) Iimpawu zobuNjineli Isiseko sodongwe oluthambileyo sinomthamo ophantsi wokuthwala kunye nokukhula kokuqina okucothayo;kulula ukukhubaza kunye nokungalingani emva kokulayisha;izinga lokuguqulwa likhulu kwaye ixesha lokuzinza lide;ineempawu ze-permeability ephantsi, i-thixotropy kunye ne-rheology ephezulu.Iindlela zonyango ezisisiseko ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka indlela yokulayishwa kwangaphambili, indlela yokubuyisela, indlela yokuxuba, njl.
2. Ukuzaliswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo Ukuzaliswa kwezinto ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kubonakala ikakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala ezindala nakwimizi-mveliso nemigodi.Ngumhlaba wenkunkuma oshiywe okanye ofunjwe bubomi babantu kunye nemisebenzi yemveliso.Le mihlaba yenkunkuma yohlulwe ngokubanzi ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: umhlaba wenkunkuma wokwakha, umhlaba wenkunkuma yasekhaya kunye nomhlaba wenkunkuma wemveliso yemizi-mveliso.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba wenkunkuma kunye nomhlaba wenkunkuma oqokelelwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunzima ukuchaza ngezibonakaliso zamandla ezidibeneyo, izikhombisi zoxinzelelo kunye nezalathi zokungena.Iimpawu eziphambili zokuzaliswa kwezinto ezixubileyo kukuqokelela okungacwangciswanga, ukubunjwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, iipropati ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu obungalinganiyo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle.Ngoko ke, indawo efanayo ibonisa ukungafani okucacileyo kwi-compressibility kunye namandla, okulula kakhulu ukubangela ukuhlaliswa kokungalingani, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna unyango lwesiseko.
3. Gcwalisa umhlaba Gcwalisa umhlaba ngumhlaba ofakwe ngokuzaliswa kwehydraulic.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ibisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphuhliso lwamaza onxweme kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kwendawo yezikhukhula.Idama eliwa amanzi (elikwabizwa ngokuba yi-fill dam) elidla ngokubonwa kummandla osemntla-ntshona lidama elakhiwe ngomhlaba.Isiseko esenziwe ngokuzalisa umhlaba sinokuthathwa njengoluhlobo lwesiseko sendalo.Iimpawu zayo zobunjineli zixhomekeke ikakhulu kwiipropati zomhlaba wokuzalisa.Gcwalisa isiseko somhlaba ngokubanzi sineempawu ezibalulekileyo ezilandelayo.(1) I-particle sedimentation ngokucacileyo ihlelwe.Kufuphi nendawo yokungenisa udaka, amasuntswana arhabaxa afakwa kuqala.Kude kwindawo yokungena yodaka, iincinci ezifakwe kwi-deposit ziba ngcono.Kwangaxeshanye, kukho istratification ecacileyo kwicala lobunzulu.(2) Isiqulatho samanzi somhlaba ogcwalisiweyo siphezulu kakhulu, sikhulu ngokubanzi kunomda wolwelo, kwaye ukwimo equkuqelayo.Emva kokuba ukuzaliswa kumisiwe, umphezulu uhlala uqhekeka emva kokunyuka kwemvelo, kwaye umxholo wamanzi uyancipha kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, umhlaba ogcweleyo osezantsi usekwimeko equkuqelayo xa iimeko zokuhambisa amanzi zingentle.Ukugqwesa amasuntswana omhlaba azalisekileyo, kokukhona kubonakala ngakumbi le nto.(3) Amandla okuqala esiseko sokuzalisa umhlaba aphantsi kakhulu kwaye ukunyanzeliswa kuphezulu kakhulu.Oku kungenxa yokuba umhlaba wokuzalisa ukwimeko engadityaniswanga.Isiseko sokubuyisela ngokuthe ngcembe sifikelela kwisimo esiqhelekileyo sokudityaniswa njengoko ixesha le-static linyuka.Iimpawu zayo zobunjineli zixhomekeke ekubunjweni kweengqungquthela, ukufana, iimeko zokudibanisa amanzi kunye nexesha elimileyo emva kokubuyisela umva.
4. Intlabathi yentlenga yomhlaba oxutyiweyo okanye isiseko sesanti ecolekileyo sihlala sinamandla aphezulu phantsi komthwalo omileyo.Nangona kunjalo, xa umthwalo we-vibration (inyikima, ukungcangcazela komatshini, njl.njl.) usebenza, isiseko somhlaba onesanti ehlulileyo sinokuthi sinyibilike okanye singene kwisixa esikhulu sogulo lokungcangcazela, okanye lude luphulukane nomthamo walo wokuthwala.Oku kungenxa yokuba amasuntswana omhlaba alungelelaniswe ngokukhululekileyo kwaye indawo yamasuntswana iyasuswa phantsi kwentshukumo yamandla aguquguqukayo angaphandle ukuze kuzuzwe ulungelelwaniso olutsha, oluthi ngoko nangoko luvelise uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungaphezulu kwipore kwaye uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwehla ngokukhawuleza.Injongo yokuphatha esi siseko kukwenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi kwaye kuphelise ukubakho kwe-liquefaction phantsi komthwalo onamandla.Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka indlela ye-extrusion, indlela ye-vibroflotation, njl.
5. Ilahleko egobileyo Umhlaba owenza i-deformation eyongezelelweyo ebalulekileyo ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwesakhiwo somhlaba emva kokuntywiliselwa phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-self-weight stress of overlying the layer, okanye phantsi kwesenzo esidityanisiweyo sokuxinezeleka kunye noxinzelelo olongezelelweyo, kuthiwa yi-collapsible. umhlaba, ongowomhlaba okhethekileyo.Eminye imihlaba ezaliswe yingxubevange nayo iyaqengqeleka.Ilahleko isasazwe ngokubanzi kuMntla-mpuma welizwe lam, kuMntla-ntshona weTshayina, kuMbindi weTshayina kunye nenxalenye yeMpuma yeTshayina ubukhulu becala buboleka.(Le ntsinjana ikhankanywe apha ibhekisa kumhlaba olahlekileyo nofana nelahleko. Ilahleko eqengqelekayo yahlulahlulwe yaba yilahleko egoqekayo yobunzima bobuqu kunye nelahleko engakwaziyo ukuzilinganisela, kunye nenye ilahleko endala ayiqengqeleki).Xa usenza ulwakhiwo lobunjineli kwiziseko ezilahlekayo, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe ingozi enokwenzeka kwiprojekthi ebangelwa kukuhlaliswa okongeziweyo okubangelwa kukuwa kwesiseko, kwaye ukhethe iindlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango lwesiseko ukuphepha okanye ukuphelisa ukuwa kwesiseko okanye umonakalo obangelwa inani elincinci lokuwa.
6. Umhlaba owandisiweyo Icandelo leminerali yomhlaba obanzi kakhulu yi-montmorillonite, ene-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo.Iyakwandisa umthamo xa ifunxa amanzi kwaye iyancipha umthamo xa ulahlekelwa ngamanzi.Oku kwandiswa kunye nokuguqulwa kokunciphisa kudla ngokuba kukhulu kakhulu kwaye kunokubangela umonakalo kwizakhiwo.Umhlaba owandisiweyo usasazwa ngokubanzi kwilizwe lam, njengeGuangxi, Yunnan, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu kunye nezinye iindawo, kunye nokuhanjiswa okwahlukeneyo.Umhlaba obanzi luhlobo olulodwa lomhlaba.Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwesiseko zibandakanya ukutshintshwa komhlaba, ukuphuculwa komhlaba, ukucwina kwangaphambili, kunye neendlela zobunjineli zokuthintela utshintsho kumxholo wokufuma womhlaba wesiseko.
7. Umhlaba ophilayo kunye ne-peat Xa umhlaba uqulethe izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, imihlaba eyahlukeneyo yendalo iya kwenziwa.Xa isiqulatho se-organic matter sidlula isiqulatho esithile, umhlaba we-peat uyakwenziwa.Ineempawu zobunjineli ezahlukeneyo.Ukuphakama komxholo we-organic matter, impembelelo enkulu kumgangatho womhlaba, obonakaliswa ngamandla aphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.Kwakhona kuneempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ekufakweni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli, ezinempembelelo embi ekwakheni ubunjineli ngokuthe ngqo okanye unyango lwesiseko.
8. Umhlaba wesiseko sentaba Iimeko zejoloji zomhlaba wesiseko sentaba zintsonkothile, ikakhulu zibonakaliswa ngokungalingani kwesiseko kunye nokuzinza kwesiza.Ngenxa yempembelelo yendalo esingqongileyo kunye neemeko zokubunjwa komhlaba wesiseko, kunokubakho amatye amakhulu kwisiza, kwaye indawo yendawo inokuba neziganeko ezimbi zejoloji ezifana nokudilika komhlaba, ukudilika kodaka, kunye nokuwa kwethambeka.Ziya kubangela ingozi ngokuthe ngqo okanye enokubakho kwizakhiwo.Xa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kwiziseko zeentaba, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiindawo zokusingqongileyo kunye neziganeko ezimbi ze-geological, kwaye isiseko kufuneka siphathwe xa kuyimfuneko.
9. I-Karst Kwiindawo ze-karst, kuhlala kukho imiqolomba okanye imiqolomba yomhlaba, ii-karst gullies, ii-karst crevices, ii-depressions, njl.njl. Zenziwa kwaye ziphuhliswe lukhukuliseko okanye ukuthotywa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.Zinempembelelo enkulu kwizakhiwo kwaye zixhomekeke kwi-deformation engalinganiyo, ukuwa kunye nokuthotywa kwesiseko.Ngoko ke, unyango oluyimfuneko kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphambi kokwakha izakhiwo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-17-2024