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中文Ubunzima obujwayelekile bezokwakha
Ngenxa yejubane lokwakha elisheshayo, ikhwalithi eqinile eqinile kanye nomthelela omncane wezinto zesimo sezulu, kwamukelwa kabanzi. Inqubo eyisisekelo yokwakhiwa kwezisekelo zenqwaba enesizungu: Isakhiwo sokwakha, ukubeka i-casing, ukumba umgodi, ukusula umgodi ongezansi, ukuhambisa i-ballast yensimbi, ukugcinwa kokhonkolo ongaphansi kwamanzi, inqwaba. Ngenxa yobunzima bezinto ezithinta ikhwalithi yokhonkolo kakhonkolo ongaphansi kwamanzi, isixhumanisi sokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokwakha kwesinye isikhathi siba iphuzu elinzima ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi okwenziwa ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile ku-Under Under Under Cawuuring Construction zifaka: umoya omkhulu nokuvuza kwamanzi esikhungweni se-catheter, kanye nokuqhekeka kwenqwaba. Ukhonkolo, udaka noma i-capsule eyakha isakhiwo esele esiseceleni esine-slurry interlayer esintantayo, esidala ngokuqondile inqwaba ukuthi ihlukane, ithinta ikhwalithi kakhonkolo futhi iphinde ishiye inqwaba; Ubude be-conduit bumbelwa ngokhonkolo bujulile kakhulu, obukhulisa ukungqubuzana okuzungezile futhi kwenza kube nzima ukukhipha umdlandla, okwenza ukuba kubiwe kungabi bushelelezi, okwenza ukuba ukhonkolo ngaphandle kwesikhathi silahlekelwe yi-fluority isikhathi eside futhi siwohloka; Ukusebenza kanye nokwehla kokhonkolo ngokuqukethwe kwesihlabathi esiphansi nezinye izinto kungadala ukuthi indlela yokuvinjwa ivaliwe, okuholela emithini ephukile yokusakaza. Lapho uthela futhi, ukuphambuka kwesikhundla akusingathwe ngesikhathi, futhi kuvela umdlali we-slurry ontantayo okhonkolo, ebangela ukuqhekeka kwenqwaba; Ngenxa yokwanda kwesikhathi sokulinda ukhonkolo, uketshezi lukakhonkolo ngaphakathi kwepayipi luba lubi kakhulu, ukuze ukhonkolo oxubile awukwazi ukuthululwa ngokujwayelekile; I-casing ne-Foundation akukuhle, okuzodala amanzi odongeni okhalweni, okwenza indawo ezungezile icwile futhi ikhwalithi yenqwaba ayinakuqinisekiswa; Ngenxa yezizathu zangempela zezwe nokumba okungalungile, kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele udonga lomgodi ukuze luwa; Ngenxa yephutha lokuhlolwa kokugcina kwembobo noma ukuwa komgodi omkhulu ngesikhathi senqubo, ukuhanjiswa kwemvula okulandelayo ngaphansi kwekheji lensimbi kukhulu kakhulu, noma ukuphakama okuthululwayo akukho ndawo, okuholela enqwaba. Ngenxa yokungakhathali kwabasebenzi noma umsebenzi ongafanele, ishubhu lokutholwa kwe-acoustic alikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, okuholela ekutholweni kwe-ultrasonic kwesisekelo senqwaba ngeke kwenziwe ngokujwayelekile.
"Isilinganiso sokuxuba kukakhonkolo kufanele sinembile
1. Ukukhetha kuka Cement
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Iningi lesimende elisetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni kwethu okujwayelekile liyisimemo esijwayelekile nesilinki. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuqala sokusetha akufanele sidlule amahora amabili nesigamu, namandla aso kufanele abe ngaphezulu kwama-degree angama-42.5. Usimende osetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni kufanele kudlule ukuhlolwa kwempahla engokwendawo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokwakhiwa kwangempela, futhi inani langempela likasimende ku-Cubic Meter, futhi kufanele lisetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngokuya ngamazinga athile acacisiwe.
2. Ukukhetha okuhlanganisiwe
Kunezinqumo ezimbili zangempela zokuhlanganisa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlanganisa, eyodwa ngamatshe amatshe amatshe kanti enye itshe elichotshoziwe. Enqubweni yokwakha uqobo, amatshe amatshe amatshe kufanele abe yisinqumo sokuqala. Usayizi wangempela wezinhlayiyana we-aggregate kufanele ube phakathi kuka-0.1667 no-0.125 we-conduit, futhi ibanga eliphansi kusuka kubha yensimbi kufanele kube ngu-0.25, futhi usayizi wezinhlayiyana kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kungakapheli ama-40 mm. Isilinganiso sebanga langempela sokuhlanganiswa kwama-coarse kufanelekile kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi ukhonkolo unokusebenziseka okuhle, futhi okuhlanganisiwe okuhle kungcono kungcono futhi kunamafutha ama-coarse. Amathuba wangempela wokuqukethwe kwesihlabathi ngokhonkolo kufanele abe phakathi kuka-9/20 no-1/2. Isilinganiso samanzi ukuze umlotha kufanele ube phakathi kuka-1/2 no-3/5.
3. Thuthukisa ukusebenza
Ukuze ukhuphule ukusebenziseka kokhonkolo, ungafaki ezinye ama-admangture kukhonkolo. Ama-commun admixtures asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi ahlanganisa ukunciphisa amanzi, ukukhishwa kancane kanye nama-ejenti aqinisa isomiso. Uma ufuna ukwengeza ama-admixtures kukhonkolo, kufanele uqhube izivivinyo ukuthola uhlobo, inani nenqubo yokungeza.
Ngamafuphi, isilinganiso sokhonkolo sokuxubana kufanele silungele ukuthulula kwamanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi. Isilinganiso sokhonkolo sekhonkolo kufanele silunge ukuze sibe noplastiki olwanele nokwanela ubumbano, uketshezi oluhle emfundweni ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthela futhi ungathambeki ekuhlukaniseni. Ngokuvamile, lapho amandla kakhonkolo angaphansi kwamanzi aphezulu, ukuqina kokhonkolo nakho kuzoba kuhle. Ngakho-ke emandleni kasimende Ikhwalithi kakhonkolo kufanele iqinisekiswe ngokubheka ibanga likakhonkolo, isilinganiso esiphelele senani langempela likasimende namanzi, ukusebenza kwezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene ze-doping, njll. Futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-Concrete Cardractive Amandla Amandla Amandla kufanele abe ngaphezulu kwamandla aklanyelwe. Isikhathi sokhonkolo kufanele sibe kufanelekile futhi ukuxuba kufanele kube umfaniswano. Uma ukuxubana kungukungalingani noma kwamanzi ngemuva kwekhasi lesikhathi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuxuba kokhonkolo nokuhamba, uketshezi lwekhonkolo lumpofu futhi alunakusetshenziswa.
"Izidingo zokuqala zenani
Inani lokuqala lokuthelula ukhonkolo kufanele liqinisekise ukuthi ukujula komsele ongcwatshwe ngokhonkolo ngemuva kokuthi ukhonkolo kuthulwe kungaphansi kwe-1.0m, ukuze ikholomu kakhonkolo ngaphandle kwepayipi lilinganiselwe. Inani lokuqala lokuthelula ukhonkolo kufanele linqunywe ukubala ngokuya ngefomula elandelayo.
V = π / 4 (d 2h1 + kD 2h2)
Lapho v ingukhonkolo wokuqala othululelwa, m3;
I-H1 ukuphakama okudingekayo kukholamu kakhonkolo endleleni yokulinganisa ingcindezi nodaka ngaphandle komsele:
h1 = (H-H2) γw / γc, m;
h ukujula kokumba, m;
I-H2 ukuphakama kwendawo ekhonkolo engaphandle komkhondo ngemuva kokuthulula ukhonkolo kokuqala, okungu-1.3 ~ 1.8m;
γw uyisisulu se-mud, esingu-11 ~ 12kk / m3;
I-γc iyinhlangano ekhonkolo, eyi-23 ~ 24kkn / m3;
d ububanzi obungaphakathi komsele, m;
D yi-pile hole ububanzi, m;
k i-coeffing ekhonkolo ekhokhwayo, okuyi-k = 1.1 ~ 1.3.
IVolumu yokuqala yokuthela ibaluleke kakhulu kwikhwalithi yenqwaba ye-cast-in-indawo. Ivolumu yokuqala yokuthulula yokuqala ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa okubushelelezi kuphela, kepha futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ukujula kokhonkolo obenziwe ngokhonkolo kuhlangabezana nezidingo ngemuva kokuthi i-funnel igcwalisiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunweba kokuqala kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo umthamo wokuthela kwenqwaba yenqwaba ngokufaka i-sediment engezansi komgodi futhi, ngakho-ke ivolumu yokuqala yokuthela kufanele idingeke ngokuqinile.
"Ukuthulula Ukulawulwa Kwejubane
Okokuqala, hlaziya indlela yokuguqula ye-Pile Body's DeadWingting Force Transmit Force to the Valer Wearl. Ukuxhumana kwenhlabathi yenqwaba yezinqwaba ezinesizungu ziqala ukwakha lapho kuthululwa ukhonkolo womzimba we-pile. Kancane kancane ukhonkolo othululwe kancane kancane uba mnene, ucindezelwe futhi uxazululwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi kakhonkolo othululwe kamuva. Lokhu kuhanjiswa okuhlobene nenhlabathi kungaphansi kokuphikiswa okuphezulu kwesendlalelo senhlabathi ezungezile, futhi isisindo somzimba wenqwaba sidluliswa kancane kancane engxenyeni yenhlabathi ngokusebenzisa lokhu kuvela kulokhu kumelana nalokhu. Ngezinqwaba ezinokuthululwa okusheshayo, lapho ukhonkolo othululelwa khona, yize ukhonkolo ungakafiki ekuqaleni, kuyathinteka ngokuqhubekayo futhi kuhlanganiswe ngesikhathi sokuthela futhi ungene ezingxenyeni zenhlabathi ezizungezile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukhonkolo uhlukile kumanzi ajwayelekile, futhi ukunamathela emhlabathini nokumelana kwawo kwe-shear ngokwakhekile; Ngenkathi izinqwaba ezinokuthulula kancane, ngoba ukhonkolo useduze nokuhlelwa kokuqala, ukumelana phakathi kwawo kanye nodonga lwenhlabathi luzoba lukhulu.
Ingxenye ye-Deadweight yezinhlamvu ezinesizungu ezidluliselwe engxenyeni yenhlabathi ezungezile ihlobene ngqo nesivinini sokuthulula. Ijubane lokuthulula ngokushesha, elincane inani lesisindo elidluliselwe engxenyeni yenhlabathi ezungeze inqwaba; Ijubane elihamba kancane, likhudlwana ingxenye yesisindo edluliselwe engxenyeni yenhlabathi ezungeze inqwaba. Ngakho-ke, ukwandisa ijubane lokuthulula kungagcini nje ngokuthola indima enhle ekuqinisekiseni i-homogeneity yokhonkolo wenqwaba, futhi futhi ivumela umthwalo wenqwaba yezingxabano ezungeze inqwaba yesisekelo senqwaba kanye nokwenza ngcono umsebenzi wokusebenzisa.
Ukuzilolonga kufakazele ukuthi ukushesha nokubushelela umsebenzi wokuthulula wenqwaba, okungcono ikhwalithi yenqwaba; Ukubambezeleka okwengeziwe, kuzokwenzeka izingozi eziningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukufeza ukuthela okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthulula senqwaba ngayinye silawulwa ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuqala kokhonkolo kokuqala, futhi i-retarder ingangezwa ngenani elifanele uma kunesidingo.
"Lawula ukujula okungcwatshwe komsele
Ngesikhathi sokuthululwa kokhonkolo kakhonzi ongaphansi kwamanzi, uma ukujula komsele kungcwatshwe kukhonkolo kulinganiselwe, ukhonkolo uzosakazeka ngokulinganayo, ube nobukhulu obuhle, futhi ingaphezulu kwalo kuzoba yisicaba; Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ukhonkolo usakazeka ngokungalingani, kulula ukusakazeka, kulula ukusabalalisa nokuhlukanisa, okuthinta ikhwalithi, ngakho-ke ukujula okubhekwayo okunengqondo kufanele kulawulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yenhlangano yenqwaba.
Ukujula okungcwatshwe komshini kukhulu kakhulu noma kube mncane kakhulu, okuzothinta ikhwalithi yenqwaba. Lapho ukujula okungcwatshwe kuncane kakhulu, ukhonkolo uyoqaqa kalula indawo ekhonkolo emgodini bese ugoqa i-sediment, okubangela udaka noma oluphukile. Kulula futhi ukudonsa umsele ngaphandle kokhonkolo lapho usebenza; Lapho ukujula okungcwatshwe kukhulu kakhulu, ukumelana kokhonkolo kukhulu kakhulu, futhi ukhonkolo awukwazi ukusunduza ngokufana, kepha udlulela kuphela odongeni lwangaphandle lwethoni endaweni ephezulu bese uqhubekela ezinhlangothini ezine. Le Eddy yamanje nayo kulula ukudonsa i-sediment ezungeze umzimba wenqwaba, ikhiqiza umbuthano kakhonkolo ophansi, othinta amandla emzimbeni wenqwaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukujula okungcwatshwe kukhulu, ukhonkolo ongenhla awuhambi isikhathi eside, ukulahleka kwe-slump kukhulu, futhi kulula ukudala izingozi zokuphuka kwezinqwaba ezibangelwa ukuvinjwa kwepayipi. Ngakho-ke, ukujula komngcwabo kuvame ukulawulwa kungakapheli amamitha ayi-2 kuya kwayi-6, futhi kumamitha amakhulu nezinqwaba ezinde, kungalawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga lamamitha amathathu kuya kwayi-8. Inqubo yokuthela kufanele iphakanyiswe kaningi futhi isuswe, futhi ukuphakama kwendawo ekhonkolo emgodini kufanele kulinganiswe kahle ngaphambi kokususa umsele.
"Lawula isikhathi sokuhlanza umgodi
Ngemuva kokuthi umgodi usuqediwe, inqubo elandelayo kufanele yenziwe ngesikhathi. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlanza umgodi wesibili kwamukelwa, ukuthulula ukhonkolo kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha, futhi isikhathi sokuqina akufanele sibe yinde kakhulu. Uma isikhathi sokuqina side kakhulu, izinhlayiya eziqinile odakeni zizonamathela odongeni lomgodi ukuze wakhe isikhumba sodaka esiminyene ngenxa yesendlalelo esithile senhlabathi edon. Isikhumba sodaka sihlehlisiwe phakathi kokhonkolo kanye nodonga lomhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuthululwa kokhonkolo, okunomphumela wokuthambisa futhi kunciphisa ukungezwani phakathi kokhonkolo nodonga lwenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma udonga lomhlabathi lumanzi odakeni isikhathi eside, ezinye izakhiwo zomhlabathi nazo zizoshintsha. Ezinye izingqimba zenhlabathi zingavuvukala futhi amandla azokwehla, okuzothinta futhi umthamo wokuthela inqwaba. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokwakha, izidingo zokucaciswa kufanele zilandelwe ngokuqinile, futhi isikhathi kusuka kumigodi ukwakheka kokhonkolo kufanele kufinyeze ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kokuba umgodi uhlanziwe futhi ufanelekile, ukhonkolo kufanele uthele ngokushesha kungakapheli nemizuzu engama-30.
"Lawula ikhwalithi kakhonkolo phezulu kwenqwaba
Njengoba umthwalo ongenhla udluliswa ngenhla kwenqwaba, amandla kakhonkolo phezulu kwenqwaba kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zokuklama. Lapho uthela eduze kokuphakama kwe-pile ephezulu, inani lokugcina lokuthulula kufanele lilawulwe, futhi ukuncipha kokhonkolo kungancishiswa ngokuthelwa kwenqwaba ngaphezulu kwenqwaba yenqwaba, ukuze izidingo zokuphakanyiswa kwenqwaba zingaphezulu kwenqwaba yenqwaba. Ukhonkolo phezulu kwenqwaba kufanele uhlangabezane nezidingo zokuklama. Ukuphakama okuthe xaxa kobubanzi obukhulu kanye nezinqwaba ezinde kufanele kubhekwe ngokusekelwe kububanzi bezinqwaba kanye nobubanzi be-pile, ngoba ama-slurry aphezulu athatha isikhathi eside ukuthi athele, okuvimba izintambo ezinkulu ekubeni nzima ukwehlulela ngokunemba ububanzi bodaka obukhulu noma ukhonkolo futhi kubangele ukungaphatheki kahle. Lapho ukhipha isigaba sokugcina se-Tub Tube, ijubane lokudonsela kufanele liphuze ukuvikela udaka oluwugqinsi olubheke phezulu kwenqwaba kusuka phezulu kwenqwaba kusuka ekunciphiseni futhi kwakha "umnyombo kadaka".
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthulula ukhonkolo ongaphansi kwamanzi, kunezixhumanisi eziningi ezifanelana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yezinqwaba. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza umgodi wesibili, izinkomba zokusebenza kodaka kufanele zilawulwe. Ubuningi bedaka kufanele bube phakathi kuka-1.15 no-1.25 ngokuya ngezendlalelo zenhlabathi ezahlukahlukene, okuqukethwe kwesihlabathi kufanele kube ≤8%, futhi kufanele kube nokubonakala kungu-≤28s; Ubukhulu bokudonswa phansi komgodi kufanele kulinganiswe ngokunembile ngaphambi kokuthulula, nokuthela kungenziwa kuphela lapho kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama; Ukuxhumeka kwethonya kufanele kuqonde futhi kuvalwe uphawu, futhi umsele kufanele ahlolwe ingcindezi ngaphambi nangemva kokusebenzisa isikhathi esithile. Ingcindezi esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi isuselwa ekucindezelweni okukhulu okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokwakha, futhi ukumelana kwengcindezi kufanele kufinyelele ku-0.6-0.9MPA; Ngaphambi kokuthulula, ukuze uvumele isivimba samanzi ukuthi sikhishwe kahle, ibanga phakathi kokuphansi komsele nangaphansi komgodi kufanele lilawulwe ku-0. 3 ~ 0.5m. Ngezinqwaba ezinobubanzi obujwayelekile bengaphansi kwama-600, ibanga phakathi kokuphansi komsele nangaphansi komgodi kungakhuphuka ngendlela efanele; Ngaphambi kokuthulula ukhonkolo, 0.1 ~ 0.2m3 kwe-1: 1.5 usimende udaka kufanele uthele emseleni kuqala, bese ukhonkolo kufanele uthululwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nenqubo yokuthela, lapho ukhonkolo emshaweni awunawo ogcwele futhi angena emoyeni, ukhonkolo olandelayo kufanele afakwe kancane emgqonyeni we-funnel. Ukhonkolo akufanele athululelwe emvuleni kusuka phezulu ukuze ugweme ukwakha isikhwama somoya osezingeni eliphakeme emsulweni, anciphise amaphampu werabha phakathi kwezingxenye zamapayipi futhi adale indlela yokuvuza. Ngesikhathi sokuthela, umuntu ozinikele kufanele alinganise ukuphakama okukhulayo kwendawo ekhonkolo emgodini, gcwalisa irekhodi likakhonkolo ongaphansi kwamanzi, bese uqopha wonke amaphutha ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthela.
"Izinkinga ezijwayelekile nezixazululo
1. Udaka namanzi e-conduit
Udaka namanzi emvuleni asetshenziselwa ukuthulula ukhonkolo ungaphansi kokhonkolo nakho kuyinkinga yekhwalithi evamile yokwakha ekwakhiweni kwezinqwaba zezinqwaba zezindawo. Into esemqoka ukuthi lapho uthela ukhonkolo, udaka udoti emqondweni, ukhonkolo ungcolisiwe, amandla ancishisiwe, futhi abahlaseli bayakhiwa, kubangele ukuvuza. Kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.
1) Ukulondolozwa kwe-batch yokuqala kakhonkolo akwanele, noma yize ukubekeka kukakhonkolo kwanele, ibanga eliphakathi kwethoni likhulu kakhulu, futhi phansi komgodi akunakungcwatshwa ngemuva kokuwa kokhonkolo, ngakho-ke udaka namanzi ukungena ezansi.
2) Ukujula komgwaqo okufakwe kukhonkolo akwanele, ukuze odaka luhlanganiswe nomsele.
3) I-conduit Joint ayiqinile, i-rubber pad phakathi kwamalunga ancishisiwe evulekile yi-airbag ye-airku ephakeme ye-air, noma iWeld iphukile, futhi amanzi aphukile ekuhlanganiseni noma ehlane. Umkhondo ukhishwe kakhulu, futhi udaka lufakwa kupayipi.
Ukuze ugweme udaka futhi amanzi angena ezindleleni, izindlela ezihambisanayo kufanele zithathwe ngaphambi kokuyivimba. Izindlela eziphambili zokuvimbela zimi ngokulandelayo.
1) Inani le-batch yokuqala kakhonkolo kufanele linqunywe ukubalwa, futhi inani elanele namandla aphansi kufanele ligcinwe ukukhipha udaka ngaphandle komsele.
2) Umlomo we-conduit kufanele ugcinwe ebangeni elingaphansi kwama-300 mm kuya ku-500 mm kusuka phansi kwe-groove.
3) Ukujula komshini ofakwe kukhonkolo kufanele kugcinwe kungaphansi kwama-2.0 m.
4) Naka ukulawula isivinini sokuthulula ngesikhathi sokuthulula, futhi uvame ukusebenzisa isando (iwashi) ukukala indawo ekhonkolo ekhonkolo. Ngokwephakeme okulinganisiwe, nquma ijubane nokuphakama kokukhipha ishubhu lomhlahlandlela.
Uma amanzi (udaka) efaka ishubhu yomhlahlandlela ngesikhathi sokwakha, imbangela yengozi kufanele itholakale ngokushesha futhi izindlela zokwelashwa ezilandelayo kufanele zamukelwe.
1) Uma kubangelwa yizizathu zokuqala noma zesibili ezishiwo ngenhla, uma ukujula kokhonkolo ezansi komsele kungaphansi kuka-0.5 m, isitobha samanzi singafakwa kabusha ukuze sithele ukhonkolo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ishubhu lomhlahlandlela kufanele likhishwe, ukhonkolo ezansi komsele kufanele asulwe ngomshini wokumisa umoya, bese ukhonkolo kufanele uphinde uthululwe; Noma ishubhu lomhlahlandlela ngesembozo esingaphansi esishukumisekile kufanele ifakwe kukhonkolo bese ukhonkolo kufanele iphinde ithenwe kabusha.
2) Uma kubangelwa yisizathu sesithathu, ishubhu le-Slurry Lihlahlandlela kufanele likhishwe futhi lifakwe kabusha kukhonkolo ngo-1 m, bese udaka ku-Slurry Femputha Ishubhu kufanele lifakwe futhi lifakwe ipulaki le-Slurry File, bese ipulaki lamanzi kufanele lingezwe ukuze lithulule ukhonkolo. Ukuze ukhonkolo othululwe kabusha, umthamo wesemusi kufanele ukhule emapuletini amabili okuqala. Ngemuva kokuthi ukhonkolo uthele ku-tube yomhlahlandlela, ishubhu lomhlahlandlela kufanele liphakanyiswe kancane, futhi ipulaki engezansi kufanele licindezelwe yi-Deadweight yekhonkolo entsha, bese ukuthulula kufanele kuqhubeke.
2. Ukuvinjwa kwepayipi
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthela, uma ukhonkolo ungakwazi ukwehla emfucumfucwini, ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvinjwa kwepayipi. Kunamacala amabili okuvinjwa kwamapayipi.
1) Lapho ukhonkolo uqala ukuthululwa, i-STOPPER yamanzi ibanjiwe emfucumfucwini, ibangela ukuphazamiseka kwesikhashana kokuthulula. Izizathu yilezi: I-Stopper yamanzi (ibhola) azenziwa futhi acutshungulwe ngosayizi ojwayelekile, ukuphambuka kobukhulu kukhulu kakhulu, futhi kubambelele emshadweni futhi ngeke kukhishwe; Ngaphambi kokuthi umsuli wehliswe, izinsalela ezikhonkolo ezilamula odongeni lwangaphakathi azihlanzwa ngokuphelele; I-Concrete Slump inkulu kakhulu, umsebenzi umpofu, futhi isihlabathi sincibilikisiwe phakathi kokuvinjelwa kwamanzi (ibhola) kanye nomkhondo, ukuze umsusi wamanzi angeke ehle.
2) I-concrete conduit ivinjelwe ngokhonkolo, ukhonkolo ngeke yehle, futhi kunzima ukuthela kahle. Izizathu yilezi: Ibanga phakathi komlomo we-conduit futhi phansi komgodi lincane kakhulu noma lifakwe esitsheni ezansi komgodi, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi ukhonkolo likhishwe phansi phansi kwepayipi; Umthelela obheke phansi ukhonkolo awanele noma i-slump ekhonkolo incane kakhulu, ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana bukhulu bukhulu kakhulu, isilinganiso sesihlabathi sincane kakhulu, uketshezi luba mpofu, futhi ukhonkolo unzima ukuwa; Ukuphumula phakathi kokuthulula nokondla isikhathi eside kakhulu, ukhonkolo uba mkhulu, uketshezi luyancipha, noma luqinile.
Kwalezi zimo ezimbili ezingenhla, hlaziya izimbangela zenzeka kwazo futhi uthathe izindlela zokuvimbela ezithandekayo, njengosayizi wokucutshungulwa kanye nokwenza isikhathi lapho ukhonkolo futhi i-touxing isikhathi kufanele ibalwe, futhi inani lekhonkolo yokuqala kufanele libalwe, futhi inani lekhonkolo yokuqala kufanele libalwe.
Uma kwenzeka ukuvalwa kwepayipi, hlaziya imbangela yenkinga bese uthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuvinjwa kwepayipi olungelo. Lezi zindlela ezimbili ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukubhekana nohlobo lokuvinjelwa kwepayipi: Uma kunguhlobo lokuqala olushiwo ngenhla, lungaphathwa nge-tamper (ukucaphuna okuphezulu), ukucasuka, nokudiliza (okuphakathi nendawo (okuphakathi nendawo). Uma kuluhlobo lwesibili, imigoqo yensimbi ende ingahle ifakwe ku-RAM ukhonkolo epayipini ukwenza ukhonkolo uwe. Ngokuvinjelwa kwamapayipi amancane, i-crane ingasetshenziswa ukuxhawula intambo yepayipi bese ifaka isidlidlizeli esinamathiselwe emlonyeni wepayipi ukwenza ukhonkolo. Uma kungakwazi ukuwa, ipayipi kufanele likhishwe ngokushesha futhi likhishwe isigaba ngesigaba, bese ukhonkolo embhodlweni kufanele uhlanzeke. Umsebenzi wokuthulula kufanele wenziwe kabusha ngokuya ngendlela ebangelwa yisizathu sesithathu samanzi ukungena kupayipi.
3. Umngcwabo ongcwatshwe
Ipayipi alikwazi ukukhishwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthela noma ipayipi alikwazi ukukhishwa ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuthulula. Kubizwa ngokujwayelekile ukubizwa ngepayipi okugcizelwe, okuvame ukubangelwa ukungcwatshwa okujulile kwepayipi. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokuthulula isikhathi eside kakhulu, ipayipi alishukunyiswa ngesikhathi, noma imigoqo yensimbi ekheji lensimbi ayishayiswa ngokuqinile, futhi ipayipi lishayiwe futhi ligcwele ukhonkolo nokuthululwa kwepayipi elingcwatshwe.
Izindlela zokuvimbela: Lapho uthele ukhonkolo ongaphansi kwamanzi, umuntu okhethekile kufanele abelwe ukukala njalo ukujula komsele ngokhonkolo. Ngokuvamile, kufanele ilawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-2 m ~ 6 m. Lapho uthela ukhonkolo, umsele kufanele anyakaze kancane ukuvikela indlela yokunamathela kukhonkolo. Isikhathi sokuthelwa kukakhonkolo kufanele sifinyezwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kunesidingo sokuhlawula, umsele kufanele adonswe ekujuleni okuqedwe kancane. Ngaphambi kokwehlisa ikheji lensimbi, hlola ukuthi i-welding iqinile futhi akufanele kube khona ukufudumala okuvulekile. Lapho ikheji lensimbi litholakala likhululiwe ngesikhathi sehlise umsele, kufanele lilungiswe futhi lifakwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi yepayipi yepayipi, umsele kufanele aphakanyiswe ngokushesha yi-crane enkulu ye-tonnage. Uma umsele namanje asakwazi ukukhishwa, izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukuze zidonse ngamandla ukucisha, bese zibhekana nazo ngendlela efanayo nenqwaba ephukile. Uma ukhonkolo ubungakaze uqanswe futhi ulwela futhi uketshezi alukwehlile lapho umsele ungcwatshwa khona, izinsalela zodaka ebusweni bekhonkolo zingancishiswa futhi ziyehliswe kabusha futhi zithuthelwe kabusha ngokhonkolo. Indlela yokwelashwa ngesikhathi sokuthulula iyafana nesizathu sesithathu samanzi e-conduit.
4. Ukuthulula okunganele
Ukuthela okunganele kubizwa nangokuthi inqwaba emfushane. Isizathu: Ngemuva kokuthulula sekuqediwe, ngenxa yokuwa komlomo womgodi noma isisindo ngokweqile sodaka phezulu, izinsalela ze-slurry zikhulu kakhulu. Abasebenzi bezokwakha abasilinganisenga indawo ekhonkolo ngesando, kodwa bacabange ngephutha ukuthi ukhonkolo wawuthululelwe ekuphakameni kwe-pile phezulu, okuholele engozini edalwe yinqwaba ekhuthazayo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zifaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo.
1) I-hole Mound Casing kumele ingcwatshwe ngokuqinile ngokuya ngezidingo zokucaciswa komhlaba ukuvimbela umlomo womhlaba kusuka ekuweni, futhi umthondo womlomo ophelayo yisikhathi senqubo yokumba.
2) Ngemuva kokuthi inqwaba inesithukuthezi, ukudonswa kufanele kusulwe ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuqina kwe-sediment kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokucaciswa.
3) Lawula ngokuqinile isisindo sodaka sokuvikelwa kodonga oludongeni ukuze isisindo sodaka silawulwa phakathi kuka-1.1 no-1.15, kanye nesisindo sodaka ngaphakathi kwama-500 mm ngaphansi komgodi ngaphambi kokuthulula ukhonkolo ngaphambi kokuthulula ukhonkolo ngaphambi kokuthulula ukhonkolo ngaphambi kokuthulula ukhonkolo.
Indlela yokwelashwa incike esimweni esithile. Uma kungekho ngaphansi komhlaba, ikhanda le-pile lingaphoqa, inhloko yenqwaba entantayo inhlabathi nomhlabathi ungahle ukhishwe ngesandla ukuze kudalulwe ukuhlanganiswa kokhonkolo okusha, bese ifomu lingasekelwa ngokuxhumeka kwenqwaba; Uma kusekumanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amacala anganwetshwa futhi angcwatshwe ngamasentimitha angama-50 ngaphansi komhlaba woqobo woqobo, futhi iphampu yodaka ingasetshenziselwa ukukhipha udaka, bese isusa imfucumfucu, bese ihlanza inhloko yenqwaba yokuxhumeka kwenqwaba.
5. Izinqwaba eziphukile
Iningi lazo liyimiphumela yesibili ebangelwa yizinkinga ezingenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlanza umgodi ongaphelele noma isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuthulula, i-batch yokuqala kakhonkolo iqale isethwe futhi i-fluodity yehle, futhi i-surcretity eqhubekayo iqhume ngodaka olungaphezulu lukakhonkolo, kanye nenqwaba yonke inqwaba yodaka. Ukuvimbela nokulawulwa kwezinqwaba eziphukile, kudingekile ikakhulukazi ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuvinjelweni nasekulawuleni kwezinkinga ezingenhla. Ngezinqwaba ezaphukile ezenzekile, kufanele zifundwe kanye noMnyango onekhono, i-Design Unit, ukubhekwa kobunjiniyela kanye neyunithi yobuholi obuphakeme bokwelashwa kwezokwakha ukuphakamisa izindlela zokwelashwa ezisebenzayo nezinokwenzeka.
Ngokusho kwesipiliyoni esedlule, izindlela ezilandelayo zokwelashwa zingathathwa uma kwenzeka kuphuke.
1) Ngemuva kokuthi inqwaba yephulwe, uma ingasuswa ikheji lensimbi, kufanele likhishwe ngokushesha, bese umgodi kufanele uvuthwe kabusha ngomthelela wokushayela. Ngemuva kokuthi umgodi uhlanzwe, ikheji lensimbi kufanele lehliswe bese ukhonkolo kufanele uphinde uthele kabusha.
2) Uma inqwaba yephukile ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwepayipi futhi ukhonkolo othululiwe awukaze aqinisekiswe, ngemuva kokuthi umlobi ukhishwe futhi ahlanziwe, isikhundla esiphezulu sokhonkolo othululiwe silinganiswa ngesando, futhi ivolumu ye-funnel kanye ne-conduit ibalwa ngokunemba. I-conduit yehliselwa endaweni eyi-10 cm ngaphezulu kwekhonkolo ethekile kanye ne-ball bladder yengezwa. Qhubeka nokuthela ukhonkolo. Lapho ukhonkolo emgeleni ugcwalisa umsele, ucindezele umlobi ngaphansi kokhonkolo othululiwe, futhi inqwaba ehlanganyelwe ehlanganisiwe isiqediwe.
3) Uma inqwaba yephukile ngenxa yokuwa noma i-conduit ayikwazi ukukhishwa, uhlelo lokungezelela lwenqwaba lungahlongozwa ngokubambisana ne-Design Unit ngokuhlanganiswa nombiko wokuphatha ingozi yekhwalithi, futhi izinqwaba zingafakwa ezinhlangothini zombili zenqwaba yoqobo.
4) Uma inqwaba ephukile itholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba we-pile, inqwaba yasungulwa ngalesi sikhathi, kanti iyunithi lingaxhumana nokutadisha indlela yokwelashwa yokuqiniswa kokuqina. Ngemininingwane, sicela ubheke imininingwane efanelekile yesisekelo senqwaba yesisekelo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-11-2024