Amaphuzu abalulekile okulawulwa kwekhwalithi yesisekelo esijulile sokwakhiwa komgodi wokuvala amanzi

Amagama angukhiye: Ukuvimbela amanzi komgodi wesisekelo esijulile; ukugcina isakhiwo; ungqimba olungangeni manzi; amaphuzu abalulekile okulawula ikhadi

Kumaphrojekthi womgodi wesisekelo esijulile, ukwakhiwa okufanele kokuvikela amanzi kubalulekile esakhiweni sonke, futhi kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yesevisi yesakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, amaphrojekthi okuvimbela amanzi athatha isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokwakhiwa kwemigodi ejulile yesisekelo. Leli phepha lihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izici zenqubo yokwakha umgodi ojulile wesisekelo samaphrojekthi wokwakha we-Nanning Metro kanye ne-Hangzhou South Station ukuze kufundwe futhi kuhlaziywe ubuchwepheshe bokuvimbela amanzi omgodi wesisekelo ojulile, ngethemba lokuhlinzeka ngenani elithile lereferensi lamaphrojekthi afanayo esikhathini esizayo.

1. Ukugcina isakhiwo sokuvimbela amanzi

(I) Izici zokuvimba amanzi zezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zokugcina

Isakhiwo sokugcina esime mpo esizungeze umgodi wesisekelo ojulile ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo sokugcina. Isakhiwo sokugcina siyisidingo sokuqala sokuqinisekisa ukumbiwa okuphephile komgodi wesisekelo ojulile. Kunamafomu amaningi esakhiwo asetshenziswa emigodini ejulile yesisekelo, futhi izindlela zabo zokwakha, izinqubo kanye nemishini yokwakha esetshenziswayo ihlukile. Imiphumela yokumisa amanzi ezuzwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwakha ayifani, bheka Ithebula 1 ukuze uthole imininingwane

(II) Izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvikela amanzi ekwakhiweni kodonga oluxhunywe phansi

Ukwakhiwa komgodi wesisekelo weSiteshi saseNanhu seNanning Metro kusebenzisa udonga oluxhunywe phansi. Udonga oluxhunywe phansi lunomphumela omuhle wokuvimbela amanzi. Inqubo yokwakha ifana neyezinqwaba ezibhokile. Kufanele kuqashelwe amaphuzu alandelayo

1. Iphuzu eliyinhloko lokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokuvimbela amanzi lilele ekwelashweni okuhlangene phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili. Uma amaphuzu abalulekile wokwakhiwa kokwelashwa okuhlangene angabanjwa, umphumela omuhle wokuvimbela amanzi uzotholakala.

2. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwe-groove, ubuso bokuphela kokhonkolo oluseduze kufanele buhlanzwe futhi buhlanjululwe phansi. Inombolo yokuxubha odongeni akufanele ibe ngaphansi izikhathi ezingu-20 kuze kube yilapho kungabikho udaka ebhulashini lodonga.

3. Ngaphambi kokuba ikheji lensimbi lehliswe, ipayipi elincane lifakwa ekugcineni kwekheji lensimbi eduze kodonga. Phakathi nenqubo yokufaka, ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa ilawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza ekuvaleni umsele. Ngesikhathi sokumbiwa komgodi wesisekelo, uma ukuvuza kwamanzi kutholakala endaweni ehlangene yodonga, i-grouting yenziwa kusukela kumsele omncane.

(III) Ukugxila ekuvimbeleni amanzi kokwakhiwa kwenqwaba endaweni

Ezinye izakhiwo ezigcina i-Hangzhou South Station zisebenzisa uhlobo lwenqwaba eyisithukuthezi yendawo yokuhlala + ikhethini lenqwaba yejethi ejikelezayo enengcindezi ephezulu. Ukulawula ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwekhethini lejethi elijikelezayo elinengcindezi ephezulu yokumisa amanzi ngesikhathi sokwakha kuyiphuzu eliyinhloko lokuvimbela amanzi. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwekhethini lokumisa amanzi, ukuhlukaniswa kwenqwaba, ikhwalithi ye-slurry kanye nokucindezela komjovo kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ibhande elivaliwe elingenamanzi liyakhiwa eduze kwenqwaba ye-cast-in-place ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle wokuvimbela amanzi.

2. Ukulawulwa kokumba umgodi okuyisisekelo

Phakathi nenqubo yokumba umgodi wesisekelo, isakhiwo esibambayo singavuza ngenxa yokuphathwa okungalungile kwamanodi esakhiwo esigcinayo. Ukuze ugweme izingozi ezibangelwa ukuvuza kwamanzi esakhiwo esibambile, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe ngesikhathi sokumba umgodi wesisekelo:

1. Phakathi nenqubo yokumba, ukumba okuyimpumputhe kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Naka kakhulu izinguquko ezingeni lamanzi ngaphandle komgodi wesisekelo kanye nokugeleza kwesakhiwo esibambayo. Uma ukugobhoza kwamanzi kwenzeka phakathi nenqubo yokumba, indawo egelezayo kufanele igcwaliswe ngesikhathi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwanda kanye nokungazinzi. Ukumba kungaqhutshekwa kuphela ngemva kokwamukelwa kwendlela ehambisanayo. 2. Amanzi agelezayo amancane kufanele aphathwe ngesikhathi. Hlanza indawo kakhonkolo, sebenzisa usimende wokusetha ngokushesha oqinile ukuze uvale udonga, futhi usebenzise ipayipi elincane lokudonsa amanzi ukuze uvimbele indawo evuzayo ekukhuleni. Ngemuva kokuthi usimende wokuvala ufinyelele emandleni, sebenzisa umshini wokugaya nge-grouting pressure ukuze uvale i-duct encane.

3. Ukuvimbela amanzi kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko

Ukuvalwa kwamanzi kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvimbela amanzi emgodini wesisekelo esijulile. Ngokulawula izici ezilandelayo, isakhiwo esiyinhloko singafinyelela umphumela omuhle wokuvimbela amanzi.

(I) Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuphathekayo

Izinga likakhonkolo liyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi kwesakhiwo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nomklami wesilinganiso sokuxuba kuqinisekisa izimo ezisekelayo zekhwalithi yekhonkrithi.

Isamba esingena kusayithi kufanele sihlolwe futhi samukelwe ngokuvumelana "neMigomo Yekhwalithi kanye Nezindlela Zokuhlola Zesihlabathi Netshe Lokhonkolo Ojwayelekile" mayelana nodaka, okuqukethwe kodaka, okufana nenaliti, ukugreda kwezinhlayiyana, njll. Qinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwesihlabathi kuphansi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangana namandla nokusebenza, ukuze kube ne-aggregate eqinile eyanele kukhonkolo. I-concrete component mix ratio kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zamandla zomklamo wesakhiwo sikakhonkolo, ukuqina ngaphansi kwezindawo ezihlukahlukene, futhi wenze ingxube kakhonkolo ibe nezindawo zokusebenza ezifana nokugeleza okuvumelana nezimo zokwakha. Ingxube yekhonkrithi kufanele ibe yinto efanayo, kulula ukuhlanganisa futhi iphikisana nokuhlukaniswa, okuyisisekelo sokuthuthukisa izinga lokukhonkolo. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kokhonkolo kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokugcwele.

(II) Ukulawula ukwakhiwa

1. Ukwelashwa ngokhonkolo. Ijoyinti yokwakha yakhiwa lapho kuhlangana khona ukhonkolo omusha nomdala. Ukwelashwa okuqinisayo kukhulisa ngempumelelo indawo yokubopha ukhonkolo omusha nomdala, okungathuthukisi nje ukuqhubeka kukakhonkolo, kodwa futhi kusiza udonga ukuthi lumelane nokugoba nokugunda. Ngaphambi kokuthela ukhonkolo, i-slurry ehlanzekile iyasakazwa bese imbozwa nge-crystal-based anti-seepage material crystalline. Izinto zekristalu ezisekelwe kusimende ezivikela ukungcola zingabopha kahle izikhala phakathi kukakhonkolo futhi zivimbele amanzi angaphandle ukuthi angangeni.

2. Ukufakwa kwe-watertop plate yensimbi. I-waterstop steel plate kufanele ingcwatshwe maphakathi nesendlalelo sesakhiwo sikakhonkolo esithululiwe, futhi ukugoba kuzo zombili iziphetho kufanele kubhekane nendawo ebheke emanzini. I-watertop steel plate yejoyinti lokwakha lebhande le-post-casting langaphandle kufanele libekwe phakathi nodonga lwangaphandle lukakhonkolo, futhi isilungiselelo esime mpo kanye nepuleti ngalinye lensimbi yesivalo samanzi elivundlile kufanele lishiselwe ngokuqinile. Ngemva kokunqunywa ukuphakama okuvundlile kwe-watertop yepuleti lensimbi elivundlile, umugqa kufanele udwetshwe ekugcineni okungaphezulu kwesitophu sensimbi se-watertop ngokuya ngendawo yokulawula yokuphakama yesakhiwo ukuze kugcinwe indawo yaso engaphezulu iqondile.

Amapuleti ensimbi alungiswa ngensimbi yensimbi yokushisela, futhi imigoqo yensimbi e-oblique ishiselwe phezu kwenduku ye-formwork ukuze ilungiswe. Amabha ensimbi amafushane ashiselwa ngaphansi kwe-watertop plate yensimbi ukuze asekele ipuleti lensimbi. Ubude kufanele busekelwe kugqinsi lokhonkolo lwensimbi yodonga lwe-slab futhi akumele kube yinde kakhulu ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwemigudu yokugeleza kwamanzi eduze kwezinsimbi zensimbi ezimfushane. Amabha ensimbi amafushane ngokuvamile awahlukani ngaphezu kuka-200mm, nesethi eyodwa kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Uma isikhala sisincane kakhulu, izindleko nevolumu yobunjiniyela kuzokhuphuka. Uma isikhala sisisikhulu kakhulu, i-watertop yepuleti lensimbi kulula ukugoba futhi kulula ukuyigoba ngenxa yokudlidliza lapho uthela ukhonkolo.

Izihlanganisi zamapuleti ensimbi zishiselwe, kanti ubude bethanga lamapuleti ensimbi amabili abukho ngaphansi kuka-50mm. Zombili iziphetho kufanele zishiselwe ngokugcwele, futhi ukuphakama kwe-weld akubona ngaphansi kobukhulu bepuleti lensimbi. Ngaphambi kokushisela, i-welding yesilingo kufanele yenziwe ukulungisa imingcele yamanje. Uma i-current inkulu kakhulu, kulula ukuyishisa noma ngisho ukushisa ngepuleti lensimbi. Uma i-current incane kakhulu, kunzima ukuqala i-arc futhi i-welding ayiqini.

3. Ukufakwa kwemichilo yokumisa amanzi eyandisa amanzi. Ngaphambi kokubeka umugqa wokuvimba amanzi ovuvukalayo, shanela udoti, uthuli, udoti, njll., bese udalula isisekelo esiqinile. Ngemva kokwakhiwa, thela umhlabathi kanye namajoyinti okwakha avundlile, wandise umugqa wokuvimba amanzi ovuvukalayo eduze kokuqondisa kwejoyinti yokwakha, futhi usebenzise ukunamathela kwawo ukuze ulinamathisele ngqo phakathi nendawo yokwakha. Ukugqagqana ngokuhlanganyela akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-5cm, futhi akukho zindawo zokunqamuka okufanele zishiywe; ngejoyinti lokwakha elime mpo, imisele emile engashoni kufanele igcinwe kuqala, futhi umucu wokumisa amanzi kufanele ushunyekwe emseleni obekelwe; uma ingekho i-groove egodliwe, izipikili zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu nazo zingasetshenziselwa ukulungiswa, futhi zisebenzise ukuzibamba kwayo ukuze zinamathele ngokuqondile esibonakalayo esihlangene sokwakha, futhi sihlanganise ngokulinganayo lapho sihlangana nephepha lokuzihlukanisa. Ngemuva kokuthi i-waterstop strip isilungisiwe, klebhula iphepha lokuhlukanisa bese uthela ukhonkolo.

4. Ukudlidliza kukakhonkolo. Isikhathi kanye nendlela yokudlidliza kukakhonkolo kufanele kube okulungile. Kufanele inyakaziswe kakhulu kodwa ingadlidlizi kakhulu noma ivuze. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokudlidliza, ukuchaphaza kodaka kufanele kuncishiswe, futhi udaka olufafazwe endaweni engaphakathi yefomu kufanele luhlanzwe ngesikhathi. Amaphuzu okudlidliza okukhonkolo ahlukaniswe kusukela phakathi kuya emaphethelweni, futhi izinduku zibekwe ngokulinganayo, ungqimba ngongqimba, futhi ingxenye ngayinye yokuthululela ukhonkolo kufanele ithululwe ngokuqhubekayo. Isikhathi sokudlidliza sephoyinti ngalinye lokudlidliza kufanele sisekelwe endaweni ekhonkolo entantayo, eyisicaba, futhi angabe esaphuma amabhamuza, ngokuvamile ama-20-30s, ukugwema ukuhlukaniswa okubangelwa ukudlidliza ngokweqile.

Ukuthululwa kwekhonkolo kufanele kwenziwe ngezingqimba futhi ngokuqhubekayo. I-vibrator yokufaka kufanele ifakwe ngokushesha futhi ikhishwe kancane, futhi amaphuzu okufaka kufanele ahlelwe ngokulinganayo futhi ahlelwe ngendlela ye-plum blossom. Isidlidlizi sokudlidliza ungqimba olungaphezulu lukakhonkolo kufanele lufakwe engxenyeni engezansi kakhonkolo ngo-5-10cm ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingqimba ezimbili zikakhonkolo zihlangene ngokuqinile. Isiqondiso sokulandelana kokudlidliza kufanele sihluke ngangokunokwenzeka ekuqondeni kokugeleza kwekhonkrithi, ukuze ukhonkolo odlidlizayo ungabe usangena emanzini amahhala namabhamuza. Isidlidlizi akumele sithinte izingxenye ezishumekiwe kanye ne-formwork phakathi nenqubo yokudlidliza.

5. Isondlo. Ngemva kokuba ukhonkolo uthululwe, kufanele umbozwe futhi uniselwe phakathi kwamahora angu-12 ukuze ugcine ukhonkolo unomswakama. Isikhathi sokunakekela ngokuvamile asibi ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-7. Ezingxenyeni ezingenakuniselwa, i-ejenti yokwelapha kufanele isetshenziselwe ukugcinwa, noma ifilimu yokuzivikela kufanele ifafazwe ngokuqondile endaweni ekhonkolo ngemva kokudilizwa, engakwazi ukugwema ukugcinwa kuphela, kodwa futhi ithuthukise ukuqina.

4. Ukubekwa kongqimba olungangeni manzi

Nakuba ukuvimbela amanzi kwesisekelo esijulile kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ekuzivikeleni kwamanzi okukhonkolo, ukubeka ungqimba olungangeni manzi nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile kumaphrojekthi wokuvikela amanzi esisekelo esijulile. Ukulawula ngokuqinile ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwesendlalelo esingangeni manzi iphuzu eliyinhloko lokwakhiwa okungangeni manzi.

(I) Ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo

Ngaphambi kokubeka isendlalelo esingangeni manzi, indawo engaphansi kufanele iphathwe kahle, ikakhulukazi ukuze kube flatness kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi okuphuma kwamanzi. Uma kukhona ukugeleza kwamanzi endaweni engaphansi, ukuvuza kufanele kuphathwe ngokuxhuma. Indawo ephansi ehlanjululwe kufanele ihlanzeke, ingabi nokungcola, ingabi namaconsi amanzi, ingabi namanzi.

(II) Ikhwalithi yokubeka isendlalelo esingangeni manzi

1. Ulwelwesi olungangeni manzi kumele lube nesitifiketi sefekthri, futhi kusetshenziswe imikhiqizo efanelekayo kuphela. Isisekelo sokwakha esingangenwa amanzi kufanele sibe sicaba, somile, sihlanzeke, siqine, singabi nesihlabathi noma sixebuke. 2. Ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe ungqimba olungangeni manzi, amakhona ayisisekelo kufanele aphathwe. Amakhona kufanele enziwe ama-arcs. Ububanzi bekhona elingaphakathi kufanele bube bukhulu kuno-50mm, futhi ububanzi bekhona elingaphandle kufanele bube bukhulu kuno-100mm. 3. Ukwakhiwa kwesendlalelo esingangeni manzi kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemininingwane kanye nezidingo zokuklama. 4. Lungiselela indawo ehlangene yokwakha, unqume ukuphakama kokuthulula ukhonkolo, futhi wenze ukwelashwa okuqiniswa kwamanzi endaweni ehlangene yokwakha. 5. Ngemuva kokuthi ungqimba oluyisisekelo olungangeni manzi lubekwe, ungqimba oluvikelayo kufanele lwakhiwe ngesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa nokubhoboza ungqimba olungangeni manzi ngesikhathi sokushisela ibha yensimbi nokulimaza ungqimba olungangeni manzi ngesikhathi sokudlidliza kukakhonkolo.

V. Isiphetho

Ukungena nokuvinjelwa kwezinkinga ezivamile zamaphrojekthi angaphansi komhlaba kuthinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, kodwa akunakugwenywa. Ikakhulukazi sicacisa umbono wokuthi "idizayini isisekelo, izinto zokwakha ziyisisekelo, ukwakhiwa kuyisihluthulelo, futhi ukuphatha kuyisiqinisekiso". Ekwakhiweni kwamaphrojekthi angangeni manzi, ukulawulwa okuqinile kwekhwalithi yokwakha yenqubo ngayinye kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo ezihlosiwe zokuvimbela nokulawula ngokuqinisekile kuzofeza imigomo elindelekile.