한국어
中文1. Indlela Yokubuyiselwa
. Lokhu kuzoshintsha izici zomthamo we-bearing zesisekelo futhi zithuthukise ukumelana kwazo nokuqina nokuqina.
Amaphoyinti wokwakha: ukumba ungqimba lomhlabathi ukuze uguqulwe futhi unake ukuqina komphetho womgodi; qinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-filler; I-filler kufanele ihlanganiswe ezingxenyeni ezithile.
. Umzimba wenqwaba kanye nenhlabathi yokuqala eyisisekelo yakha isisekelo esiyinhlanganisela ukufeza inhloso yokwandisa isisekelo esithela umthamo kanye nokunciphisa ukucindezelwa. Ukuqapha Ukuqapha: umthamo wokuthwala kanye nokuxazululwa kwenqwaba yamatshe achotshoziwe kuncike ekutheni kube sezingeni elikhulu ekucindezelekeni okulandelayo kwenhlabathi yokuqala eyisisekelo kuyo. Ababuthaka izingqinamba, okubi kakhulu komphumela wenqwaba yamatshe echotshoziwe. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela kumele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha lapho isetshenziswa ezisekelweni zobumba ezithambile ngamandla aphansi kakhulu.
. Umzimba wenqwaba kanye nenhlabathi yasekuqaleni yesisekelo ifomu isisekelo esiyinhlanganisela. Ngenxa yokuncipha kanye nokuhlaziya, inhlabathi incishiswa kamuva, umhlabathi uyakhuphuka, futhi umfutho wenhlabathi onamandla wenhlabathi uyakhuphuka. Lapho ingcindezi yamanzi eyeqile iqeda, amandla enhlabathi nawo ayanda ngokufanele. Ukuqapha Ukuqapha: Lapho umsizi unesihlabathi kanye namatshe amatshe anemvume enhle, isiteshi esihle sokudonsa amanzi mpo.
2. Indlela yokulayisha kabusha
(1) Ukulayisha indlela yokulayisha kuqala ngaphambi kokwakha isakhiwo, indlela yokulayisha yesikhashana (isihlabathi, i-gravel, inhlabathi, ezinye izinto zokwakha, izimpahla, njll.) Isetshenziselwa ukufaka umthwalo kwisisekelo, inikeze isikhathi esithile sokulayisha. Ngemuva kokuthi isisekelo sicindezelwe ngaphambili ukuze siqedele iningi lesikhungo futhi umthamo wokuthwala wesisekelo uthuthukile, umthwalo uyasuswa futhi kwakhiwa isakhiwo. Inqubo yokwakha namaphuzu asemqoka: a. Umthwalo wokulayisha ngokuvamile kufanele ulinganise noma mkhulu kunomthwalo wokuqamba; b. Ukulayisha okuphezulu kwendawo, iloli yokulahla udoti kanye ne-bulldozer kungasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa, futhi izinga lokuqala lokulayisha ezingenisweni ezithambile zenhlabathi kungenziwa ngemishini ekhanyayo noma umsebenzi wezandla; c. Ububanzi obuphezulu bokulayisha kufanele bube buncane kunobubanzi obuphansi besakhiwo, futhi phansi kufanele kukhuliswe kahle; d. Umthwalo osebenza kwisisekelo akufanele ungeqi umthwalo wokugcina wesisekelo.
(2) Indlela yokulayisha kuqala i-vacuum Iphampu ye-vacuum isetshenziselwa ukukhipha ungqimba lwesihlabathi se-sand ukwakha ingcindezi engemihle esisekelweni ngaphansi kolwelwesi. Njengoba umoya namanzi esisekelweni kukhishwa, inhlabathi ephansi ihlanganisiwe. Ukuze usheshiswe ukuhlanganiswa, imithombo yesihlabathi noma amabhodi amadeshi epulasitiki nawo angasetshenziswa, okungukuthi, imithombo ye-sand noma amabhodi amanzi angahle abizwe ngaphambi kokubeka ungqimba lwe-sand cushion kanye ne-geomembrane ukufushanisa ibanga lokudonsa. Amaphoyinti wokwakha: Okokuqala asungule uhlelo lokudonsa olum mpo, amapayipi asatshalaliswe ngokuqondile kufanele angcwatshwe emithini noma ama-fishbone bobunjwa, futhi ulwelwesi lokuvalwa kwesendlalelo se-polyvinyl chloride kufanele lubekwe ngasikhathi sinye ngokulandelana. Lapho le ndawo inkulu, kungakuhle ukuthi kubeke kabusha izindawo ezihlukile; Yenza okubukwe ngezinga le-vacuum, indawo yokuhlala ephansi, ekuxazululeni okujulile, ukuthuthwa okuvundlile, njll; Ngemuva kokulayisha kuqala, umkhondo wesihlabathi kanye ne-humus under kufanele asuswe. Ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe umthelela endaweni ezungezile.
. Empeleni lokhu empeleni ukufeza inhloso yokulayisha kuqala ngokwehlisa izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokuncika esimeni senhlabathi esiyisisekelo. Amaphuzu wokwakha: Ngokuvamile sebenzisa amaphoyinti akhanyayo, amaphoyinti we-jet noma amaphuzu ajulile; Lapho ungqimba lomhlabathi lugcwele ubumba, isilika, isilika kanye nobumba, kungakuhle ukuhlanganisa ne-electrodes.
(4) Indlela ye-Electroosmosis: Faka ama-electrodes wensimbi kwisisekelo bese udlula eqondile yamanje. Ngaphansi kwesenzo senkambu kagesi eqondile yamanje, amanzi emhlabathini azogeleza evela ku-anode eya eKathode ukwakha i-electroosmosis. Ungavumeli Amanzi ukuthi agcwaliswe e-anode futhi asebenzise i-vacuum ukupompa amanzi avela endaweni ye-cathode, ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lamanzi asemhlabathini. Ngenxa yalokhu, isisekelo sihlanganiswa futhi sahlanganiswa, futhi amandla athuthukile. Indlela ye-electroosmosis nayo ingasetjenziswa ngokuhambisana nokulayisha kabusha ukusheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezisekelo zobumba ezigcwele.
3. I-Contraction and Tamping indlela
1. Indlela yokusebenzisana engaphezulu isebenzisa ama-tampling enziwe ngesandla, imishini eshisayo yamandla aphansi, ukugibela noma ukuvelela imishini yokugoqa ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi evulekile engaphezulu. Ingahlanganisa nenhlabathi ebekiwe yokugcwalisa. Lapho okuqukethwe kwamanzi kwenhlabathi engaphezulu komhlaba kuphezulu noma okuqukethwe kwamanzi kokugcwaliswa kwenhlabathi okugcwaliswayo kuphezulu, i-lime kanye nesimende kungabekwa ezingxenyeni zokuqinisa inhlabathi.
2. I-Heavy Hammer Tampy Method Heavy Hammer tampeng ukusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ashukumisayo akhiqizwa ukuwa kwamahhala kwesando esindayo ukuze ahlaziyele isisekelo esingajulile, futhi kutholakala ungqimba oluncane lwe-hard. Amaphoyinti asemqoka wokwakha: ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, ama-tampeing wokuhlola kufanele kwenziwe ukuthola amapharamitha afanele ezobuchwepheshe, anjengesisindo sesando esishisayo, ububanzi obuphansi kanye nenani lokugcina, inani elihambisanayo lezikhathi zokucwilisa kanye nenani elihambisanayo; ukuphakama kwendawo engaphansi ye-groove nomgodi ngaphambi kokugcotshwa kufanele kube ngaphezulu kokuphakama kokuklama; Okuqukethwe umswakama wenhlabathi ephansi kufanele kulawulwe ngaphakathi kwenani elifanele lokuqukethwe komswakama ngesikhathi sokunyathela; Amachibi amakhulu endawo kufanele afekeki ngokulandelana; Kuqala ukujula futhi kungajulile ngemuva kwesikhathi lapho isisekelo sesisekelo sehlukile; Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kobusika, lapho inhlabathi iqandisiwe, ungqimba lomhlabathi olufriziwe kufanele lushaye ngaphandle noma ungqimba lomhlabathi kufanele luncibilike ngokushisa; Ngemuva kokuphothula, i-topsoil evulekile kufanele isuswe ngesikhathi noma inhlabathi entantayo kufanele isuswe ekuphakameni kwe-Design e-Drop Difress cishe.
3. I-tampeing eqinile yisifinyezo sezinsimbi eziqinile. Isando esinamandla sehla ngokukhululeka endaweni ephakeme, enikeza amandla amakhulu okuthola amandla aphezulu, futhi aphazamise kakhulu umhlabathi. Isakhiwo sezinhlayiya inhlabathi esiyisisekelo siyalungiswa, futhi inhlabathi iba mnene, ongathuthukisa kakhulu amandla ayisisekelo futhi anciphise ukucindezelwa. Inqubo yokwakha imi kanje: 1) Izinga lesayithi; 2) Beka ungqimba lwe-cushion lwe-gravel. 3) Setha ama-gravel piers ngokuhlangana okunamandla; 4) izinga bese ugcwalisa ungqimba lwe-cushion yakudala; 5) compact ngokugcwele kanye; 6) Level kanye ne-Geotextile; 7) Ukubuyisa emuva ungqimba lwe-lelandele ye-slag ye-slag bese uyigoqa amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili nge-roller evuthayo. Ngokuvamile, ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa okunamandla okunamandla, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe esizeni nendawo engabi ngaphezu kwe-400m2 ukuze uthole idatha kanye nokwakha.
4. Indlela ehlanganayo
1. Indlela yokudlidliza ehlanganayo isebenzisa ukudlidliza okuphindaphindiwe okuvundwayo kanye nomphumela oshelelayo wokuncipha okwenziwe yidivaysi ekhethekile yokudlidliza ukuze uchithe kancane ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi wandise ngokushesha umfutho wamanzi we-pore. Ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwesakhiwo, izinhlayiya zenhlabathi zingase ziye endaweni ephansi yamandla, ukuze inhlabathi ishintshile isuka ekukhulumeni.
Inqubo yokwakha: (1) Level indawo yokwakha futhi ihlele izikhundla zenqwaba; (2) Imoto yokwakha isendaweni futhi i-vibrator ihloselwe isikhundla senqwaba; . Phinda lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla 1 kuye ku-2 izikhathi ukwenza udaka emgodini omncane. . Phinda lesi sinyathelo kuze kube yilapho okukhona manje ekujuleni kufinyelela okucacisiwe kwamanje, bese uqopha inani le-filler. . . Amapharamitha ayisisekelo kufanele anqunywe ngokwenza izivivinyo zenqwaba yendawo. . Udaka olubanzi ezansi kwethangi lungalungiswa njalo futhi luthunyelwe endaweni yokugcina ehlelwe ngaphambilini. Amanzi acwebile phezulu ethangi lokudonsela phansi angasetshenziswa kabusha. .
2
I-3. I-Gramoves Piles (ama-block terworter piers) Sebenzisa izindlela ezisindayo zesando noma izindlela eziqinile zokugcoba amatshe amatayela (i-block Stone) kwisisekelo, kancane kancane gcwalisa i-gravel (i-block Stone) emgodini wamatshe noma i-block ephindaphindekile ukwakha ama-gravels noma ama-piers amatshe.
5. Ukuxuba Indlela
1. Indlela ephezulu yokucindezela kwe-Jet (indlela ephezulu ye-Rotary Jet Indlela) isebenzisa ingcindezi ephezulu yokufafaza usimende slurry kusuka ku-pipeline, ukusika kanye nokubhubhisa inhlabathi ngenkathi udlala indima ethile. Ngemuva kokuqina, iba ngumzimba we-pile oxubile (ikholomu), eyakha isisekelo esiyinhlanganisela kanye nesisekelo. Le ndlela nayo ingasetshenziswa ukwakha isakhiwo sokugcina noma isakhiwo se-anti-seepage.
2 Isebenzisa i-slurry kasimende kanye nosimende (noma i-lime powder) njenge-ejenti ekhethekile yokuvuka, futhi isebenzisa umshini okhethekile wokuxuba ojulile ukuthumela i-ejenti ye-pering enkambweni yenqwaba (i-lime) inhlabathi (i-lime) yomzimba (ikholomu), eyakha isisekelo senhlabathi esiyisisekelo. Izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezemishini zezinqwaba zenhlabathi kasimende (Amakholomu) kuncike ochungechungeni lokuphendula kwamakhemikhali ngokomzimba phakathi kwe-ejenti yelapha nomhlabathi. Inani le-ejenti yelapha elingezwe, ukufana kokuxubana kanye nezindawo zomhlabathi yizici eziyinhloko ezithinta izakhiwo zenhlabathi yenhlabathi (amakholomu) kanye namandla we-composite. Inqubo yokwakha: ① Ukusima kwe-Slurry Ukulungiswa Ngemuva kokuthi inqwaba isiqediwe, hlanza amabhlokhi enhlabathi esongelwe amabala okuxuba kanye nembobo yokufafaza, bese uhambisa umshayeli wenqwaba uye kwesinye isikhundla senqwaba yokwakha.
I-6. Indlela yokuqinisa
(1) GeoSynthetics GeoSynthetics uhlobo olusha lwe-geotechnical Engineering Material. Isebenzisa ama-polymers ahlanganisiwe afana namapulasitiki, imicu yamakhemikhali, irabha yokwenziwa, njll. Njengezezimali ezingavuthiwe ukwenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo, ezibekwe ngaphakathi, ezingaphezulu noma phakathi kwezendlalelo zenhlabathi ukuqinisa noma ukuvikela inhlabathi. I-GEOSYNTHETICS ingahlukaniswa ngezinsimbi, i-geomempranes, geosynthetics ekhethekile kanye nama-geosynthetics ahlanganisiwe.
. Isipikili senhlabathi sixhumana nenhlabathi ezungezile kanye nobude bayo. Ukuthembela ekumelaneni nebhondi yokuphikisana esibonakalayo sokuxhumana, kwakha inhlabathi eyinhlanganisela enhlabathini ezungezile. I-nail yenhlabathi ifakwa ngaphansi kophofu ngaphansi kwesimo sokuguqulwa kwenhlabathi. Inhlabathi iyaqiniswa ikakhulukazi ngomsebenzi wayo wokugunda. Isipikili senhlabathi ngokuvamile sakha i-angle ethile ngendiza, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqiniswa okukhohlisayo. Izipikili zenhlabathi zilungele ukwesekwa kwe-Foundation PIT kanye nokuqiniswa komthambeka kokugcwaliswa kokwenziwa, inhlabathi yobumba, kanye nesihlabathi esinenkohliso esibuthakathaka ngaphezulu kwezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ngemuva kwezulu.
. Ukuqiniswa kuqiniswa okuvundlile. Ngokuvamile, umucu, mesh, kanye nezinto zokwakha ezinamandla anamandla aqinile, kusetshenziswa ukumelana okukhulu kokuphazamiseka nokugqwala, njengamashidi ensimbi; Ama-Aluminium Alloys, izinto zokwenziwa, njll.
7. Indlela yokulungisa
Sebenzisa umfutho womoya, ingcindezi ye-hydraulic noma imigomo ye-electrochemical yokufaka ukuncipha okuthile okuqinile ku-lium medium noma igebe phakathi kwesakhiwo kanye nesisekelo. I-slurry ye-grouting ingaba usimende slurry, usimende kasimende, ubumba usimende slurry, ubumba lukhuni, luhlukaniswe amakhemikhali anjenge-polyurethane, lungahlukaniswa nge-grouting, i-plugging tuning strouting kanye nokulungiswa kwe-grouting kanye nokuhlunga kwesakhiwo sokulungiswa kwesakhiwo kanye nokuhlunga kwesakhiwo sokulungiswa. Ngokwendlela ye-grouting, ingahlukaniswa ngama-throuting accuration, ukukhishwa kwemichilo, ukuhlukanisa ama-grouting kanye ne-electrochemical grouting. Indlela ye-Grouting inezicelo eziningi ezahlukahlukene kumanzi wamanzi, ukwakhiwa, imigwaqo namabhuloho kanye nezinkundla ezahlukahlukene zobunjiniyela.
8. Inhlabathi evamile eyisisekelo embi kanye nezimpawu zayo
1. Ubumba oluthambile oluthambile lubizwa nangokuthi inhlabathi ethambile, okuyisifinyezo senhlabathi ebumba elibuthakathaka. Yakhelwe esikhathini se-quatnary sekwephuzile futhi ingeyokuma-sediments e-visuasous noma i-River Falulial Deposits yesigaba sasolwandle, isigaba seLagoon, isigaba se-River Valley, isigaba se-Delta, njll. Izosatshalaliswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini, emachibini aphakathi nendawo. Inhlabathi evamile yobumba obungenamandla yinhlabathi ethubusayo neyesilika. Izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezemishini zenhlabathi ethambile zifaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo: (1) Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo okuqukethwe kobumba ziphezulu, futhi i-Index ye-Plastic Imp ngokuvamile inkulu kakhulu kune-17, okuyinhlabathi yobumba. Ubumba oluthambile lumpunga omnyama kakhulu, luhlaza okotshani, lunephunga elibi, liqukethe izinto eziphilayo, futhi linokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphezulu, ngokuvamile likhulu kune-40%, ngenkathi sithulwa futhi singaba sikhulu kune-80%. Isilinganiso se-porosusio ngokuvamile i-1.0-2.0, phakathi kwayo i-porosion ratio of 1.0-1.5 ibizwa ngokuthi yi-silty Clay, kanye ne-porosusio ratio enkulu kune-1.5 ibizwa nge-1,5. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kobumba, okuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphezulu kanye ne-poringual enkulu, izakhiwo zayo zemishini nazo zibonisa izici ezihambisanayo - amandla aphansi, ukucindezelwa okuphezulu, ukuzungeza okuphansi kanye nokuzwela okuphezulu kanye nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu nokuzwela okuphezulu kanye nokuzwela okuphezulu kanye nokuzwela okuphezulu. . Ubumba oluthambile, ikakhulukazi i-silt, inokuzwela okuphezulu, okubuye kube yinkomba ebalulekile ehlukanisa kusuka kubumba olujwayelekile. Ubumba oluthambile luyacindezelwa kakhulu. I-Compression Coefflent engaphezulu inkulu kune-0,5 MPA-1, futhi ingafinyelela ubukhulu be-45 MPA-1. I-Compression Index imayelana ne-0.35-0.75. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izingqimba zobumba ezithambile zingezinhlabathi ezijwayelekile ezihlanganisiwe noma inhlabathi eyeqisayo, kepha ezinye izingqimba zenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi zibeka izingqimba zenhlabathi, kungenzeka zingezeyizizwe ezingaphansi komhlaba. I-coeffity encane kakhulu ye-coeffity ingesinye isici esibalulekile sobumba oluthambile, okuvame phakathi kuka-10-5-10-8 cm / s. Uma i-coeffity coefflity incane, izinga lokuhlanganisa lihamba kancane, ukucindezelwa okusebenzayo kukhuphuka kancane, futhi ukuqina kokuxazululwa kuhamba kancane, futhi amandla ayisisekelo akhuphuka kancane. Lesi sici siyisici esibalulekile esivimba ngokungathi sína indlela yokwelashwa kanye nomphumela wokwelashwa. . Kulula ukuzidela nokungalingani ngemuva kokulayisha; Izinga lokukhubazeka likhulu futhi isikhathi sokuqina sinde; Inezimpawu zokuvumela okuphansi, i-Thixotropy kanye ne-Rheology ephezulu. Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zesisekelo zifaka izindlela zokulayisha kabusha, indlela yokufaka esikhundleni, indlela yokuxuba, njll.
2 Kuyinhlabathi kadoti kwesokunxele noma ihlanganiswe yimpilo yabantu kanye nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Lezi zinhlabathi zemfucumfucu ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: inhlabathi yokwakhiwa kwemfucumfucu, inhlabathi yodoti yasekhaya kanye nomhlabathi wemfuyo yezimboni. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi kadoti kanye nenhlabathi kadoti ezihlanganisiwe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene kunzima ukuchaza ngezinkomba zamandla ahlanganisiwe, izinkomba zokucindezela kanye nezinkomba zokuvumela kanye nezinkomba zokuvumela. Izici eziyinhloko zokugcwaliswa okuxubile zinqwabelana okungahleliwe, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, ukushuba okungalingani kanye nokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, isayithi elifanayo libonisa umehluko osobala ekucindezelweni namandla, okulula kakhulu ukudala indawo yokuhlala engalingani, futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo.
3. Gcwalisa inhlabathi egcwele inhlabathi yinhlabathi efakwe ukugcwaliswa kwe-hydraulic. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuthuthukisweni kwesicaba okusogwini kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezikhukhula. Idamu elawa ngamanzi (elibizwa nangokuthi idamu eligcwalisiwe) elivame ukubonwa esifundeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yidamu elakhiwe ngenhlabathi egcwalisa. Isisekelo esakhiwa ngumhlabathi ogcwalisayo singabhekwa njengohlobo lwesisekelo semvelo. Izakhiwo zayo zobunjiniyela ikakhulukazi zincike kwizakhiwo zenhlabathi egcwalisiwe. Gcwalisa isisekelo senhlabathi ngokuvamile unezici ezibalulekile ezilandelayo. (1) Ukuqunjelwa kwezinhlayiyana kusobala kuhlungwa. Eduze kodaka olungena, izinhlayiya zama-coarse zifakwa kuqala. Kude nodaka lokungena, izinhlayiya ezifakiwe ziba yinhle. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okusobala kokuqondisa okujulile. (2) Okuqukethwe kwamanzi kwenhlabathi egcwele kuphezulu, ngokuvamile kukhulu kunomkhawulo woketshezi, futhi kusesimweni esigelezayo. Ngemuva kokuthi ukugcwaliswa sekumisiwe, ingaphezulu livame ukuqhekeka ngemuva kokuhanjiswa kwemvelo, futhi okuqukethwe kwamanzi kuncishiswa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, inhlabathi engezansi ephansi isesimweni esigelezayo lapho izimo zokudonsa zimpofu. Izinhlayiya zenhlabathi ezigcwalisiwe, le nto ecace kakhudlwana. (3) Amandla okuqala esisekelo senhlabathi egcwalisiwe aphansi kakhulu futhi ukuxinana kuphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhlabathi egcwalisiwe isesimweni esingaphansi komhlaba. Isisekelo se-Bacleff kancane kancane kancane sifinyelela isimo esijwayelekile sokuhlanganisa njengoba isikhathi se-static sikhuphuka. Izakhiwo zayo zobunjiniyela kuncike ekubukeni kwezinhlayiyana, ukufana, izimo zokuhlanganisa ama-drainage kanye nesikhathi se-static ngemuva kokubuyiselwa emuva.
4. I-Sandy Sandy Sild Sand Silt Sand noma isihlabathi esihle isisekelo sivame ukuba namandla aphezulu ngaphansi komthwalo we-static. Kodwa-ke, lapho umthwalo wokudlidliza (ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukudlidliza ngomshini, njll.) Izenzo, isisekelo esigcwele senhlabathi esinesihlabathi singasho lutho noma sitholakale inani elikhulu lokudlidliza, noma silahlekelwe kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya zenhlabathi zihlelwe ngokukhululekile futhi isikhundla sezinhlayiya sivinjelwe ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla ashukumisayo ashukumisayo ukufezekisa ibhalansi entsha ye-Pores Pores Pores ephakeme kanye nokucindezela okusebenzayo kwehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Inhloso yokwelapha lesi sisekelo ukuyenza icwebezele kakhulu futhi isuse amathuba okuba yi-liquefaction ngaphansi komthwalo oshukumisayo. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelashwa zifaka indlela yokukhishwa, indlela ye-vibroflotation, njll.
5 Eminye inhlabathi ye-miscellaneous egcwele nayo iyavuthwa. I-Loess isatshalaliswa kabanzi enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe lami, enyakatho-ntshonalanga China, iCentral China nezingxenye ze-East China zivutha kakhulu. (I-loss eshiwo lapha isho inhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi efana ne-loss. Lapho enza ukwakhiwa kobunjiniyela ezingenisweni ze-locress ezivuthayo, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukulimala okungenzeka kuphrojekthi okubangelwa ukukhokhelwa okwengeziwe okubangelwa ukuwohloka kwesisekelo, futhi ukhethe izindlela zokuwa kwesisekelo noma ukulimala okubangelwa ukuwa okuncane.
I-6. Inhlabathi Evenuve Ingxenye yamaminerali yenhlabathi ebanzi ikakhulukazi iMontmorillonite, ene-hydrophilicity eqinile. Kuyanda ngevolumu lapho kudonsela amanzi futhi kuncipha ngevolumu lapho kulahlekelwa amanzi. Lokhu kunwetshwa nokwehlukahlukana kwezimali kuvame kakhulu futhi kungadala ukulimala kwezakhiwo. Inhlabathi ebanzi isatshalaliswa kabanzi ezweni lami, njengeGuangxi, eYunnan, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu nezinye izindawo, ngokusatshalaliswa okuhlukile. Inhlabathi eveziwe iyindlela ekhethekile yenhlabathi. Izindlela zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zeSisekelo zifaka ukushintshwa kwenhlabathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi, ukugcotshwa kwangaphambi kokufaka, kanye nezindlela zobunjiniyela ukuvimbela ushintsho ekuqukethwe komswakama wenhlabathi ephansi.
7 Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-organic okuqukethwe kudlula okuqukethwe okuthile, kuzokwakheka inhlabathi ye-peat. Inezakhiwo ezihlukile zobunjiniyela. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Organic Faceboc, kukhulisa umthelela kwikhwalithi yenhlabathi, ebonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ngamandla aphansi kanye nokuxineka okuphezulu. Inomphumela ohlukile ekufakweni kwezinto ezihlukile zobunjiniyela, ezinomphumela omubi ekwakheni okuqondile kobunjiniyela noma ukwelashwa kwesisekelo.
8. Inhlabathi yeNgqungquthela Yenhlabathi izimo zezwe zenhlabathi yentaba inhlabathi inhlabathi iyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ekhonjiswa ngokungalingani kwesisekelo nokuqina kwesayithi. Ngenxa yethonya lemvelo yemvelo kanye nemibandela yokwakheka kwenhlabathi ephansi, kungahle kube namatshe amakhulu esizeni, futhi imvelo yesayithi nayo ingaba nezimo ezingezinhle zomhlaba ezifana nokukhanya komhlaba, ama-mudslides, kanye nethambeka kuyawa. Bazobeka usongo oluqondile noma olungaba khona ezakhiweni. Lapho kwakha izakhiwo ezisekelweni sezintaba, kufanele kubhekwe ukunakwa okukhethekile ezimweni zemvelo zemvelo kanye nezinto eziphikisayo zendawo yemvelo, futhi isisekelo kufanele siphathwe lapho kunesidingo.
9 Banomthelela omkhulu ezinhlakeni futhi bathambekele ekuguqukeni okungafanele, ukuwa kanye nokufakwa kwesisekelo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okudingekayo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokwakha izakhiwo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jun-17-2024